AP Comp Gov (US) Chs. 10-11 Terms Check

due process

gov't must follow legal procedures and rights

✅ Procedural = Did the government follow the right process?

• ✅ Substantive = Is the law itself fair and allowed under the Constitution?

McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

Incorporated the 2nd amendment right to bear arms to the states through the 14th amendment's due process clause

Fourteenth Amendment (1868)

Reconstruction amendment; citizenship to all born or naturalized in the U.S., prohibits states from denying due process or equal protection

selective incorporation

How the Supreme Court applies specific Bill of Rights protections to states via the Due Process clause in the 14th amendment (bill of rights originally only protects from federal gov't)

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

• A man named Clarence Gideon was arrested in Florida for stealing from a pool hall.

• He couldn’t afford a lawyer and asked the court to give him one.

• The judge said no, because Florida only gave lawyers to people in death penalty cases at the time.

• So Gideon had to defend himself — and he lost.

• he petitioned SCOTUS and they selectively incorporated the 6th amendment

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Required police to inform suspects of their rights before interrogation (origin of Miranda rights)

procedural due process

Government must follow fair and established legal procedures before depriving life, liberty, or property

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Extended the right to privacy to a woman's decision to have an abortion

substantive due process

Doctrine that protects certain fundamental rights from government interference even with fair procedures

right to privacy

Implied constitutional right protecting personal decisions and relationships from government intrusion; relevant to Roe v Wade and its overturning)

"don't ask, don't tell" (1994)

Military policy allowing LGBTQ service if individuals did not openly disclose their sexuality

equal protection clause

Fourteenth Amendment provision requiring states to treat individuals equally under the law

Thirteenth Amendment (1865)

Abolished slavery in the United States

Fifteenth Amendment (1870)(one fifteen-3 fifteenth compromise)

Prohibits denying voting rights based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude

Nineteenth Amendment (1920)

Granted women the right to vote

19 = 1 Woman, 9 Letters(suffrage)

19 year olds always suffering

Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

Legalized same-sex marriage nationwide under the Fourteenth Amendment

strict scrutiny

test used in the Highest level of judicial review requiring a compelling state interest for laws affecting fundamental rights or suspect classifications(like the full body scan at the airport)

"Letter from a Birmingham Jail"

Martin Luther King's defense of civil disobedience against unjust laws

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Outlawed discriminatory voting practices like literacy tests and required federal oversight

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Upheld racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine

"separate but equal"

Doctrine justifying racial segregation if facilities were equal

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Jim Crow laws

State laws enforcing racial segregation in the South