Anat-Phys of Domestic animals Exam 2

What makes up the cardiovascular system?

The heart, blood, and blood vessels

Cardiac muscle makes up..

the bulk of the heart (provides force to pump heart)

What is the protective layer of the heart called?

the pericardial sac

What is the outermost layer of the pericardium?

fibrous pericardium

What is the innermost layer of the pericardium? (double-layered membrane)

Serous pericardium

What is the outermost layer of the heart?

Epicardium

The pericardial cavity separates…

the epicardium and serous pericardium

The middle muscular layer is called?

Myocardium

What is the layer that lines that heart?

Endocardium

The upper chambers of the heart are called?

the left and right atria (atrium)

The lower chambers of the heart are called?

the right and left ventricles

What separates the chambers internally?

The septum

How are the chambers separated externally?

by the coronary sulcus and interventricular sulci

The systemic system consists of..(in order)

Left ventricle > aortic semilunar valve > aortic arch > descending aorta > arteries > arterioles > Capillary bed (O2 and CO2 exchange) > venules > veins > cranial/inferior vena cava (repeat)

The pulmonary system consists of..(in order)

Right atrium > right AV valve > right ventricle > pul. SL valve > pul. artery > lungs > lobar arteries > arterioles > capillaries > Alveoli (CO2 and O2 exchanged) > capillaries > lobar vein > pul. vein > left atrium > left AV valve > left ventricle

The superior vena cava receives

deoxygenated blood from upper body (diaphragm-up)

The inferior vena cava receives

deoxygenated blood from lower body (lower limbs and abdominopelvic region)

The coronary sinus collects

deoxygenated blood from heart muscle and delivers to right atrium

The pulmonary trunk (right and left artery) carries..

deoxygenated blood to the lungs

The pulmonary veins (4) return..

oxygenated blood to the heart

The ascending aorta brings

oxygenated blood out to the body (systemic system starts)

The tricuspid valve is between

the right atrium and right ventricle

The bicuspid valve is between

the left atrium and the left ventricle

The thread-like bands of fibrous tissue that attach to ventricles are called?

Chordae tendineae

The atrioventricular valve consists of..?

the bicuspid and tricuspid valves

The semilunar valve consists of..?

the pulmonary and aortic valve

The pulmonary valve is between

right ventricle and pulmonary trunk that exits the heart

The aortic valve is between

left ventricle and the ascending aorta that leaves the heart

when two atria contract

ventricles relax

Deoxygenated blood returns from body to

right atrium

Left ventricle sends blood to the body via

the ascending aorta

Sinoatrial node is the

pacemaker that initiates impulse

Atrioventricular node sends

impulse to the AV bundle

Bundle of His sends

impulse to both sides of system (rythmic)

Purkinje’s fiber sends

impulse to myocardial cells

One cycle (one heartbeat) consists of

Atria contract/ventricles relax; ventricles contract/atria relax

systole is what phase?

contraction phase

Diastole is what phase?

relaxation phase

Systemic circulation is when..?

all blood leaves left ventricle (oxygenated) and all blood returns to right atrium (deoxygenated)

Coronary circulation is..?

circulation through the heart

The pulmonary blood circulation route is when blood..?

flows to lungs for gas exchange

Cerebral route is the route to..?

The brain

The fetal blood circulation route is the route between..?

the developing fetus and mother (through the placenta)

What is the innermost layer of arteries/veins called?

Tunica intima (elastic fibers)

What is the middle layer of arteries/veins called?

Tunica media (collagen fibers)

What is the outer layer of arteries/veins called?

Tunica adventitia

What are the blood vessel cavities called?

Lumen

What is the junction of blood vessels called

Anastomosis

What artery does not carry oxygenated blood? (exception)

Pulmonary artery

What vein carries oxygenated blood? (exception)

pulmonary vein

What are capillaries?

Site of gas, nutrient, and waste exchange

Venules carry what substance?

CO2

Right and left coronary arteries branch off and supply..?

oxygenated blood to the heart

The first branch of the aortic arch consists of?

right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery

The second branch of the aortic arch consists of?

Left common carotid artery, left internal carotid, and left external carotid artery

The third branch of the aortic arch consists of?

Vertebral artery, axillary artery, brachial artery, and radial/ulnar arteries

splenic artery supplies blood to

spleen

coronary artery supplies blood to

heart

bronchial arteries supplies blood to

Non-respiratory tissue

Carotid Artery supplies blood to

the face

The circle of willis supplies blood to

the brain

Hepatic Artery supplies blood to

the liver

Illiac Artery supplies blood to

the Legs

Renal Artery supplies blood to

the kidneys

Gonadal Artery supplies blood to

testes/ovaries

Lumbar Artery supplies blood to

the lower back

Vertebral Artery supplies blood to

the spinal cord

Phrenic Artery supplies blood to

the Diaphragm

Ulnar artery supplies blood to

Wrist and hands

Gastric artery supplies blood to

Stomach

Esophageal artery supplies blood to

Esophagus

Mesenteric artery supplies blood to

Small/large intestine

What is the first wave called

P-wave

The QRS wave allows the spread of

Electrical current to cause ventricle systole

The T-wave repolarizes ventricles and

Marks end of ventricle systole

Aorta

What is number 2?

Cranial vena cava

Wha is number 3?

Pulmonary artery

What is number 5 and 7?

Right atrium and right ventricle

What is number 11 and 14?

Left atrium and left ventricle

What is number 10?

Pulmonary veins

Excess build-up of bilirubin in circulatory system (eyes and mouth become yellow)

Jaundice

Hemoglobin in blood plasma and excreted through the urine

Red water

Clumping of RBC transfusing of blood of the wrong type

Hemagglutination

Due to decrease in functional RBC and decrease in quantity of Hb

Anemia

Over production of RBC

Polycythemia