cc psy q10

Placing both hands at the side of one's head and pointing upward with the forefingers signals that one is angry in some cultures (such as Japan); in others, however, it refers to the devil; and in others it means that one wants sex. This is an example of ___________.

emblematic gestures

Intercultural communication is marked by a greater potential for conflict than is intracultural communication. This is because ______________________________.

people's behaviors usually do not conform to our expectations during intercultural encounters.

_________________  are directions that people of all cultures learn from early childhood about how to decipher speech and behavior.

Cultural decoding rules

Americans feel that they need not understand other cultures. This is an example of __________.

monolinguism

Americans usually reject the need to learn, understand, and appreciate other languages, customs, and cultures. This is an example of __________.

ethnocentrism

The ____________ suggests that speakers of different languages think differently and that they do so because of the differences in their languages.

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

_____________ refers to speech styles in certain languages that denote status differences among interactants. 

Honorific speech

Which of the following refers to the exchange of knowledge, ideas, thoughts, concepts, and emotions among people of different cultural backgrounds?

Intercultural communication

What is the foreign language effect?

A temporary decline in the thinking ability of people who are using a foreign language in which they are less proficient than their native tongue

Problems associated with learning a foreign language, such as taking more time to respond and experiencing cognitive difficulties while trying to understand information, are known as ____________________.

foreign language processing difficulties

______________ is the transmission of messages between people of the same cultural background.

Intracultural communication

In intercultural situations, decoders can never be as sure as they are in intracultural situations that they are interpreting signals and messages as originally intended by encoders. This is the result of ____________________________________.

cultural differences in the use of all nonverbal channels. 

Identify the process by which bilinguals switch between one cultural meaning system and another when switching languages.

Code frame switching

__________ is a Buddhist principle that emphasizes on close attention to the present moment, being aware of one's senses, breathing, and thoughts without judgment or evaluation.

Mindfulness

Which of the following is a difference between high-context cultures and low-context cultures?

High-context cultures contain messages that are conveyed indirectly in context, while low-context cultures contain messages that are conveyed primarily and directly in verbal languages.

Which of the following is true of the factors that influence nonverbal behavior?

Expressive cultures use louder voices with high speech rates, whereas less expressive cultures use softer voices with lower speech rates.

Which of the following is a true statement about intercultural and intracultural communication?  

Cultural differences in nonverbal behavior make intercultural interactions and communications more difficult than intracultural communications.