A&P Lab #1

What is the anatomical position?

supine (anterior)

What does supine position look like?

head forward, feet forward, palms forward, and standing erect (no leaning)

What is prone?

backside (posterior)

Superior

closer to the head (head is superior to the knees)

inferior

closer to the feet (the ankles are inferior to the hips)

anterior or ventral

closer to the front (the heart is anterior to the vertebral column)

posterior or dorsal

closer the the back (the esophagus is posterior to the trachea)

medial

closer to the midline (the nose is medial to the shoulder)

lateral

farther from the midline (the shoulders are lateral to the nose)

adduction

adding back together - toward midline of body

abduction

take away - away from midline

proximal

closer to the trunk (the hips are proximal to the knees)

distal

farther from the trunk (the wrist is distal to the elbow)

superficial

close to the surface (the skin is superficial to the muscles)

deep

farther from the surface (the bones are deep to the muscles)

ipsilateral

same side of the body (the right lung is ipsilateral to the right shoulder)

contralateral

opposite side of body (the right shoulder is contralateral to the left)

pronation

palms facing backwards (checking your watch/facing the ground)

supination (supine)

anatomical position

sagittal

cuts into left and right portions

frontal/coronal

cuts into front and back portions

transverse

cuts into top and bottom portions (in half)

abdominopelvic regions (9)

abdominopelvic quadrants

RUQ, LLQ, RLQ, LUQ

what is another name for the organs

viscera

what do body cavities do

enclose and contain the body’s vital organs (viscera)

what are the 2 major cavities

dorsal/posterior and ventral/anterior

what does the dorsal cavity contain

brain (crania cavity) and the spinal cord (spinal cavity)

what is the ventral cavity divided by?

diaphragm

what two cavities does the ventral cavity contain?

the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

what does the thoracic cavity contain?

the pleural cavity that houses the lungs and the pericardial cavity that houses the heart

what does the mediastinum contain and where is it located?

the mediastinum is region within the thoracic cavity and contains the pericardial cavity as well as the aorta, trachea, and esophagus

does the abdominopelvic cavity have a divider?

no

what functions is the abdominopelvic cavity responsible for?

digestion, excretion, and reproduction

what are serous membranes?

they are thin, protective layers of simple squamous epithelium that secrete a watery fluid that keeps surfaces moist to reduce friction

what is the part of the serous membrane that lines the body cavity?

parietal layer

what is the part of the serous membrane that touches the organ?

the visceral layer

use the squamous membranes in an example

the peritoneum is the serous membrane associated with the abdominopelvic cavity. the parietal peritoneum lines the wall of the cavity and the visceral peritoneum covers the surface or most of the abdominopelvic organs