Romantic Era

Romantic Period

Time period from 1825 to 1900 characterized by expressive music and composers treated as artists.

Nationalism in music

An expression of pride for one’s country through musical forms.

Programmatic music

Music that tells a story, in contrast to absolute music.

Tchaikovsky

A notable composer known for his nationalism, ballets, and works like the 1812 Overture.

Chopin

A composer renowned for his piano works.

Wagner

Known for his operas, developed the concept of ‘leitmotif’.

Liszt

A composer who developed the piano recital format.

George Bridgetower

An African-European composer and virtuoso violinist who fell into obscurity.

Industrial Revolution

Led to cramped living conditions and economic hardship.

Romanticism

A cultural movement emphasizing individualism and feelings, often attracted to the exotic and unfamiliar.

Realism

An artistic movement focused on depicting the world realistically without romanticizing hardships.

Victorian literature

A less sentimental form of literature that became prominent during Queen Victoria's reign, emphasizing social norms.

Clara Schumann

The wife of composer Robert Schumann and a noted pianist and composer.

The Awakening

A novel typically studied in AP Language, reflecting themes relevant to the Romantic and Victorian eras.