2.10 - hcs

What is grounded theory analysis?

-collect and analyse data then create hypothesis

-discovery of emerging patterns in data

When is grounded theory analysis used?

-where no existing theory is related

-existing theory is incomplete

Steps of grounded theory analysis

-data collection process -> theoretical sampling

-analysis: open coding

-collect more data + compare to codes

-more rounds of data collection -> codes and groups change

-put groups and codes together -> axial coding

-find core category using selective coding -> basis of theory, connects all codes

what is theoretical saturation?

-when new data doesn't produce new insights

what is grounded substantive theory?

-people informed of their likely fate

what is grounded formal theory?

-people learn about how others define them

advantages of grounded theory

-avoids making assumptions -> neutral view

-suited for social processes w/ little prior research/new POV on familiar topics

-fosters creativity and critical thinking

-systematic + rigorous process

- stops confirmation bias

- new theories

disadvantages of grounded theory analysis

-large amounts of data produced -> hard to manage

-researchers need to be skilful

-no standard rules to identify categories

negatives of caregiving

-lack of social interaction

-financial instability

-emotionally and physically drained

positives of care giving

-sense of accomplishment

-purpose in life

-closer to elderly family member

interrelational caregiving

-interactions of the caregiver aim to reflect "the way things had always been"

-hands on care

-aims to protect + maintain recipient's sense of self + preserve caregiver-care recipient relationship

pragmatic caregiving

-care is shared with another source - interrelational aspect covered by the HPC

- so other carer can make sure care recipient is physically and emotionally comfortable

-minimising cost, ensures high quality care

link between interrelational and pragmatic care giving

-may be a shift between the two

identities of a carer

-embraced identity

-enforced identity -> feels pressured

-absorbed identity -> fluid, determined by recipient condition on any day

-rejected identity

substantive theory of care giving

-making care decisions based on purposes of caring: who, where, how

-non-linear between stages

-during each phase, caregivers make decisions based on the purpose of that phase

theory of pain (chronic)

-only a minority have pain so bad that they can't go about everyday life

-experience anxiety, depression, insomnia

-chronic pain= common presentation to HCP

-no immediate solution

theory of pain (biomedical pain)

-pain is a direct consequence of pathology

-pain treatment targets localising pain + removing the underlying pathology

disadvantages of the biomedical theory of pain

-medicalisation

-reductionist

-pts w/ same injury may experience pain in a completely different way

theory of pain (biopsychsocial)

-origin of pain is complex + multifactorial (biomedical, behaviour, coping, social factors)

-predisposing factors, initiating factors + maintaining/ exacerbating factors determine severity of pain + interference

theory of pain (operant)

-pain behaviours are communicative and protecting

-but not all pain behaviour has a communicative function

pain behaviour

-observable behaviour that may be used by others to infer the pain -> grimacing, bed rest, moaning etc.

theory of pain (cognitive)

-hypervigilance to avoid further pain

-attempts to prevent pain may result in increased anxiety/more pain

-functional in short term but results in increased pain

theory of pain (psychological reactivity)

-emotional events affect pain -> stress in many circumstances

e.g. pt may tense muscle which makes pain worse

-treated w/ applied relaxation