AP History Ch. 11

mainly young women who left rural farms and flocked to factory towns in the hope of gaining more autonomy

Employees of early textile mills in New England were

they affronted a rigid cultural norm by speaking in public and presuming to instruct men

Angelina Grimke, Sarah Grimke, and Maria Stewart, women lecturers who conveyed a powerful antislavery message, encountered hostility in the North because

had succeeded in decreasing alcohol consumption in the United States

By 1845, the American Temperance Union and other temperance advocates

that the Bank of England began call for loans to be repaid only with hand money

One of the precipitating causes of the panic of 1837 was

private and safe funding

Funding for transportation improvements in America between 1815 and 1840 came mostly from

a limited federal government and the establishment of a federal Indian policy to remove the Indians

As president, Andrew Jackson favored

being injured or killed by the frequent boiler explosions

The most horrifying hazard faced by people traveling on steamboats in the early nineteenth century was

his capture and the massacre of some 400 of his people

Black Hawk's resistance to removal from Illinois led to

Americans "vote in the Lord Jesus Christ as the governor of the universe"

The leading exemplar of the Second Great Awakening, Charles Grandison Finney, insisted that

because each candidate had a solid popular regional base but non had the support of all regions

In the presidential election of 1836, three Whig candidates ran against Democrat Martin Van Buren

comparatively low-paying work performed by women at home

In the 1820s and 1830s, shoebinding, an important component of shoe manufacturing, was

generally short and not yet an efficient distribution system for goods

The first railroad lines in the United States were

a faith that people and societies can shape their own destinies

A hallmark of the Jacksonian era was

a 1,200-mile forced march by Cherokees who were expelled from their land

The infamous Trail of Tears was

force Andrew Jackson into an unpopular veto on the issue in order to secure support for Clay as president

Henry Clay wanted to force the issue of the renewal of the charter of the Bank of the United States before the presidential election of 1832 because he hoped to

an effective way to encourage voter loyalty that transcended specific candidates and elections

After 1828, political leaders considered the development of political parties to be

as most states abolished property qualifications for voting

One of the key elements in the political landscape of Jacksonian America was the upsurge of universal white male suffrage

initiating a shift toward hiring women as cheap instructors

The spread of public schools in the 1820s and 1830s made education more accessible to students and affected teaching by

destroy the Bank of the United States before its charter expired, a process he began by removing federal deposits from the bank and depositing them in Democratic-leaning banks throughout the country

As a result of his lopsided win in the election of 1832, Andrew Jackson tried to

newspaper published by women that took men to task for the sexual sin of frequenting prostitutes and perpetuating prostitution

The nationally circulated Advocate of Moral Reform was a

was, by 1836, a fully functioning, national, two-party political system

Between 1828 and 1836, the second American party system took shape; it

low because young workers were easily replaced

For workers in early Massachusetts factories, wages were

a contraction of the money supply and plummeting prices of commodities

In large measure, the panic of 1819 occurred as a result of

end government support for business, thereby encouraging individual liberties and economic opportunities

Because of their distrust of the economic elite, Andrew Jackson and many of his followers wanted to

forced Native Americans to relocate west of the Mississippi and opened up about 100 million acres of land for white settlers

In 1830, President Jackson convinced Congress to pass legislation that

effort to abolish slavery

One of the most radical reform movements of the 1830s was the

they allowed cheaper transport by virtue of greatly increased loads

Canals were an important innovation in the early nineteenth century because

many newspapers were under the control of a particular political party and actively pushed that party's agenda

Newspapers became crucial to party politics in Jacksonian America because

All of the above

In the economy of Jacksonian America, bankers

widespread, rising, and often tended toward abusive amounts

Alcohol consumption in America in the decades up to 1830 was

politics remained the arena in which different choices about economic development and social change were contested

High rates of voter participation continued into the 1840s and 1850s because

the government had a surplus of money

A positive effect of the economic turmoil of Jackson's second administration was that, from 1835 to 1837, for the first and only time in U.S. history,

the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798

In support of the doctrine of nullification, South Carolina's leader pointed to

John Quincey Adams was associated with the "corrupt bargain" of 1824

The election of 1828 differed from earlier elections in its emphasis on issues related to scandal and character partly because

even though they may have viewed slavery as counterproductive or immoral, they tended to be racists

Relatively few white Northerners got involved in the campaign to eradicate slavery because

a Northern-dominated federal government might decide to end slavery, which would threaten the very foundation of the South's economic system

A compelling reason underlying South Carolina's argument for nullification in 1828 was that

the Liberator, an abolitionist newspaper advocating an immediate end to slavery

In 1831, William Lloyd Garrison launched

leave school at the age of fourteen and become either an apprentice in a trade or an entry-level clerk

A typical pattern for boys not remaining on the farm in the 1820s and 1830s was to

brought forth an outpouring of evangelical religious fervor that offered salvation to the less than perfect

The Second Great Awakening

Cherokees in Georgia existed as "a distinct community, occupying its own territory, in which the laws of Georgia can have no force."

In Worcester v. Georgia (1832), the Supreme Court ruled that the

excluding members of political factions that were not loyal to him

Andrew Jackson set an important political precedent when he selected his cabinet by

brought increasing numbers of people out of old patterns of rural self-sufficiency into the wider realm of national market relations

The market revolution experienced by Americans after the War of 1812

doubled

From 1800 to 1820, church membership in the United States

the Union was a voluntary confederation of states that had yielded only some of their power to the federal government, and when Congress overstepped its powers, states had the right to nullify Congress's acts

The doctrine of nullification outlined by John C. Calhoun in response to the Tariff of Abominations argued that

deal only in hard money

Van Buren pushed for an independent treasury system, funded by government deposits, which would

different campaigning tactics and increasingly democratic rhetoric made it necessary for candidates to appeal to common people

An important transition in American politics took place during the Jacksonian era as

ambitious individuals interested in maximizing their own wealth

Lawyers of the 1820s and 1830s created the legal foundation for an economy that gave priority to

separate spheres for men and women, based on the middle-class notion that women had a unique contribution to make in the home as more men ventured into the competitive world of market relations

In Advice to American Women, Mrs. A. J. Graves represented the new ideas about gender relations in Jacksonian America in her support for the concept of

led to deforestation and air pollution

Steamboats had a detrimental effect on the environment because they

men's work was newly discouraged from the home and increasingly brought cash to the household

After 1815, the idea of separate spheres and separate duties for men and women was strengthened by the fact that