biomechanics test 1

Connective

• Bone, cartilage, skin, fascia, tendons, ligaments

Muscular

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Nervous

Neurons, spinal and cranial nerves

Epithelial

Respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive systems

Total bone

206

Functions Of the bones

Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell formation

What are the shapes for bones

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

Diaphysis

shaft of bone

Epiphysis

large prominences at ends of bone

Epiphyseal plate

area of bone growth; once closed it fuses with diaphysis

Periosteum

covers entire bone; where bone cells are produced

Articular cartilage

protective covering on the ends of epiphyses

Short bones:

no diaphysis; think carpals and tarsals

flat bones

flat; think cranium, sternum, scapula

Irregular bones

have complex shapes that do not fit into the other categories; examples include vertebrae and facial bones.

Sesamoid bones

oval, free-floating bones

• Patella, head of first metatarsal

Tuberosity

large prominence

Process

projection from a bone

Tubercle

small prominence

Spinous process or spine

longer, thinner projection of bone

Condyles

large bony prominences at the ends of long bones

Epicondyles

smaller bony prominences just above the condyles

Fossa

smooth, hollow surface

facet

smaller, flatter smooth surface

notch

appearance of bone “cut out” to allow passage of a vessel

Foramen

hole in bone also allowing passage of a vessel

Articulation (joint)

when 2 or more bones join together

Arthrology

study of joints and their structures, functions, and diseases.

Diarthrodial

separation of bones, joint cavity

Synarthrodial

no separation of bones, no joint cavity

Hinge

concave surface meeting rounded surface; think elbow, knee

Ball-and-socket

rounded head into cuplike cavity; think hip, shoulder

Irregular

odd shaped surfaces that are flat or rounded; think carpals

Condyloid

convex surface into concave; think metacarpals meeting phalanges

Saddle

modified condyloid; think wrist meeting thumb

Pivot

one bone rotates about the other; think radius rotating on humerus

Suture

no detectable movement; think skull