Respiratory Muscles and the Heart

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Last updated 5:40 AM on 9/23/26
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19 Terms

1
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serratus posterior superior

  • origin: spinous processes of C7 to T4

  • insertion: ribs 2-4

  • action: elevates the ribs


<ul><li><p>origin: spinous processes of C7 to T4</p></li><li><p>insertion: ribs 2-4 </p></li><li><p>action: elevates the ribs </p></li></ul><p></p>
2
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serratus posterior inferior

  • origin: spinous processes of T11 to L2

  • insertion: ribs 8-12

  • action: depresses the ribs, stabilizing the lower rib cage


<ul><li><p>origin: spinous processes of T11 to L2</p></li><li><p>insertion: ribs 8-12</p></li><li><p>action: depresses the ribs, stabilizing the lower rib cage </p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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external intercostal

  • origin: inferior margin of the rib above

  • insertion: superior margin of the rib below

  • action: fibers run obliquely downward and forward; elevates the ribs, aiding inspiration


<ul><li><p>origin: inferior margin of the rib above</p></li><li><p>insertion: superior margin of the rib below</p></li><li><p>action: fibers run obliquely downward and forward; elevates the ribs, aiding inspiration </p></li></ul><p></p>
4
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internal intercostal

  • origin: inferior margin of the rib above

  • insertion: superior margin of the rib below

  • action: fibers run obliquely downward and backward, opposite the external layer; depresses the ribs aiding forced exhalation


<ul><li><p>origin: inferior margin of the rib above</p></li><li><p>insertion: superior margin of the rib below </p></li><li><p>action: fibers run obliquely downward and backward, opposite the external layer; depresses the ribs aiding forced exhalation </p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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innermost intercostal

  • origin: inferior margin of the rib above

  • insertion: superior margin of the rib below

  • action: fiber direction matches the internal layer; depresses the ribs aiding forced exhalation

  • bucket handle motion


<ul><li><p>origin: inferior margin of the rib above</p></li><li><p>insertion: superior margin of the rib below </p></li><li><p>action: fiber direction matches the internal layer; depresses the ribs aiding forced exhalation </p></li><li><p>bucket handle motion</p></li></ul><p></p>
6
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scalenus anterior

  • origin: transverse processes of C3 to C6

  • insertion: the first rib

  • action: elevates the first rib during forced inspiration


<ul><li><p>origin: transverse processes of C3 to C6 </p></li><li><p>insertion: the first rib </p></li><li><p>action: elevates the first rib during forced inspiration </p></li></ul><p></p>
7
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vein

  • carries blood toward the heart

  • thinner walls

  • most carry deoxygenated blood though the pulmonary veins are the exception


8
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artery

  • carries blood away from the heart

  • thicker walls

  • most carry oxygenated blood but the pulmonary arteries are the exception


9
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systole

contraction

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diastole

relaxation

11
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aortic valves

  • tricuspid (right)

  • mitral/bicuspid (left)


12
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semilunar valves

  • pulmonary (right)

  • aortic (left)


13
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atrial systole

  • atrial contraction

  • aortic valves open

  • semilunar valves close

  • blood flows from the atria to the ventricles


14
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isovolumetric contraction

  • all valves close

  • pressure increases

  • volume is constant


15
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ventricular ejection

  • semilunar valves open

  • aortic valves close

  • blood ejected into aorta and pulmonary artery


16
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isovolumetric relaxation

  • all valves close

  • pressure drops

  • volume is constant


17
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ventricular filling

  • aortic valves open

  • semilunar valves close

  • blood flows from the veins to the ventricles


18
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S1

  • mitral area

  • lub

  • closure of aortic valves

  • start of ventricular systole


19
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S2

  • aortic area

  • dub

  • closure of semilunar valves

  • start of ventricular diastole