AP MACRO UNIT 2

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Circular Flow

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33 Terms

1

Circular Flow

the pattern in which goods, services and resources flow in the marketplace

<p>the pattern in which goods, services and resources flow in the marketplace</p>
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2

GDP

the total market value of all final NEW goods and services produced annually in an economy

<p>the total market value of all final NEW goods and services produced annually in an economy</p>
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3

Nominal GDP

GDP measured in current prices

<p>GDP measured in current prices</p>
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4

Limitations of GDP

  • Nonmarket Activities

  • Underground Economy

  • Negative externalities

  • Quality of life

<ul><li><p>Nonmarket Activities</p></li><li><p>Underground Economy</p></li><li><p>Negative externalities</p></li><li><p>Quality of life</p></li></ul>
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5

Labor Force

the total number of workers, including both the employed and the unemployed

<p>the total number of workers, including both the employed and the unemployed</p>
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6

Unemployment Rate

the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed

<p>the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed</p>
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7

Labor Force Participation Rate

the percentage of the adult population that is in the labor force

<p>the percentage of the adult population that is in the labor force</p>
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8

Types of Unemployment

frictional structural cyclical

<p>frictional structural cyclical</p>
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9

Frictional Unemployment

*A type of unemployment caused by workers voluntarily changing jobs and temporary layoffs *unemployed workers between jobs.

<p>*A type of unemployment caused by workers voluntarily changing jobs and temporary layoffs *unemployed workers between jobs.</p>
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10

Structural Unemployment

*unemployment resulting from industrial reorganization, *typically caused by technological change

<p>*unemployment resulting from industrial reorganization, *typically caused by technological change</p>
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11

limitations of unemployment rate

does not give a good indication of how many people are discouraged(not looking for work) or underemployed.

<p>does not give a good indication of how many people are discouraged(not looking for work) or underemployed.</p>
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12

Natural Rate of Unemployment

frictional plus structural unemployment *typically 5- 7%

<p>frictional plus structural unemployment *typically 5- 7%</p>
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13

Calculate Unemployment Rate

unemployed/labor force x 100

<p>unemployed/labor force x 100</p>
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14

Calculate Labor Force

employed + unemployed

<p>employed + unemployed</p>
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15

Calculate Labor Force Participation Rate

labor force/adult population x 100

<p>labor force/adult population x 100</p>
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16

CPI (Consumer Price Index)

a measure of the overall cost of the goods and services bought by a typical consumer

<p>a measure of the overall cost of the goods and services bought by a typical consumer</p>
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17

Inflation

A general increase in prices

<p>A general increase in prices</p>
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18

Deflation

A situation in which prices are declining

<p>A situation in which prices are declining</p>
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19

Disinflation

a reduction in the rate of inflation

<p>a reduction in the rate of inflation</p>
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20

Real Variables

variables measured in physical units

<p>variables measured in physical units</p>
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21

Calculate Inflation Rate

CPI this year - CPI last year / CPI last year x 100

<p>CPI this year - CPI last year / CPI last year x 100</p>
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22

Limitations of CPI as a measure of inflation

*Does not factor in change in quality or substitutes

<p>*Does not factor in change in quality or substitutes</p>
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23

Calculate CPI

(cost of basket in current year/cost of basket in base year) x 100

<p>(cost of basket in current year/cost of basket in base year) x 100</p>
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24

Real GDP formula

Nominal GDP/GDP Deflator x 100

<p>Nominal GDP/GDP Deflator x 100</p>
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25

GDP formula

C+I+G+(X-M)

<p>C+I+G+(X-M)</p>
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26

GDP deflator formula

Nominal GDP/Real GDP x 100

<p>Nominal GDP/Real GDP x 100</p>
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27

Not included in GDP

  1. Intermediate goods

  2. Household production

  3. Non-market (illegal) activities

  4. Used goods and services

<ol><li><p>Intermediate goods</p></li><li><p>Household production</p></li><li><p>Non-market (illegal) activities</p></li><li><p>Used goods and services</p></li></ol>
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28

Real GDP per capita

real GDP divided by the total population

<p>real GDP divided by the total population</p>
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29

circular flow leakages

1)Savings 2)Imports

<p>1)Savings 2)Imports</p>
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30

Phases of the business cycle

expansion-> peak-> contraction-> trough->recovery

<p>expansion-&gt; peak-&gt; contraction-&gt; trough-&gt;recovery</p>
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31

Business Cycle Graph

a period of macroeconomic expansion followed by a period of contraction

<p>a period of macroeconomic expansion followed by a period of contraction</p>
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32

recessionary gap

when aggregate output is below potential output

<p>when aggregate output is below potential output</p>
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33

inflationary gap

when aggregate output is above potential output

<p>when aggregate output is above potential output</p>
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