American Poetry Final Exam

“expurgated.” -Walt Whitman

“The dirtiest book is the _____ book.”

oeuvre

a substantial body of work constituting the lifework of a writer, an artist, or a composer

“Emily Dickinson was known as the _________.”

“belle of Amherst.”

“During The Harlem renaissance, Langston Hughes was known as _______.”

“The dream keeper.”

“In poetry, Wrap-around lines are __________.”

“Lines too long for the margin to encompass.”

“Inspiration is huge, and means ______________.”

“The breath of the gods.”

“Rhyme is a _________ device.”

“Mnemonic.“

Mnemonic:

• assisting or intended to assist memory

• of or relating to memory

“Historically, poems have rhymed because _____________.”

“The lack of a phonetic alphabet meant that poems were passed down verbally and relied on the beat of rhyme.”

phonetic:

of or relating to spoken language or speech sounds

“Robert frost is the only American poet to _________.”

“Win 4 Pulitzer prizes.”

“A poem begins in daylight and ends in wisdom.”

-Robert Frost

“Modernism was greatly inspired by the phrase _____________.”

“The death of god (Gott ist tot).”

“Causes of modernism.”

• WWI

• Mechanization

• Darwin

• Freud

• The Great Depression

• The Holocaust

• WWII

• Development of the Atomic bomb

“Imagism was a ___________________.”

“Short-lived movement within modernism.”

“William Carlos Williams was a major figure in ________.”

“Imagism. He also coined the phrase ‘No ideas but in things.’ which exemplifies the imagist movement.”

“William Carlos Williams was one of the originators of ___________.”

“Free-verse poetry.”

“William Carlos Williams a pioneer of the ___________.”

“Modernist Movement in American poetry.”

“e. e. cummings utilized ____________.”

Apostrophe, and metaphor as poetic devices in his work.”

“Apostrophe is ______________________.”

“A poetic device where the Poet addresses a subject.”

“There are two types of sonnets:____________.”

1. Petrarchan: divides the 14 lines into two sections: an eight-line stanza (octave) rhyming ABBAABBA, and a six-line stanza (sestet) rhyming CDCDCD or CDECDE. First 8 lines present the problem, and the last six resolve the problem.

2. Elizabethan/Shakespearean: condenses the 14 lines into one stanza of three quatrains and a concluding couplet, with a rhyme scheme of ABABCDCDEFEFGG

“ A Couplet is __________.”

“A Two-line stanza.“

“A Tercet is _______.”

“A three-line stanza.”

“A quatrain is _______________.”

“A four-line stanza.”

“Allen Ginsberg was a founding member of the ___________”

“Beat Generation of poets.”

“Allen Ginsberg often wrote in _____________.”

“Wrap-around lines: which are lines too long to be contained in page margins.”

The first African American to win a Pulitzer Prize

Gwendolyn Brooks in 1950

“Anaphora is _______.”

“the repitition of a word or line to give structure to the poem.”

“W. D. Snodgrass is considered to be the founder of ___________________.”

“Confessional poetry.”

“A Catalogue in a poem is ______________.”

“A list of things.”

“Frank O’Hara was a member of __________.”

“The new york school of poets.”

“Poems about the artistic process are identified as ___________.”

“ars poetica.”

“The ______ subject is the thing that prompts the artistic process and the ______ subject is what the final product is revealed to be.”

1. “Triggering.”

2. “Discovered.”

“Majuscule is _________.”

“Writing in all capitals”

Minuscule is _________.”

“Writing in lowercase.”

“Galway Kinnel was a member of the ________.”

“Deep image movement.”

“Sonic is _______.”

“aurally driven.”

“The deep image movement was inspired by Federico García Lorca’s seminal book _______.”

“In search of duende.”

“Duende is _________.”

a quality of passion and inspiration, sensual, edgy, dark.

enjambment:

the running over of a sentence from one verse or couplet into another so that closely related words fall in different lines

persona means:

a mask, pretends that to be something that it isn’t

Renaissance means

“rebirth”

• Middle ages

• renaissance

• Classicism/age of reason

• Scientific revolution (Copernicus/Galileo/Newton)

• Scientific revolution is ongoing

• Romanticism-> inspired by roman ideas->transcendentalism->Emmerson, Whitman, Thoreau

• Naturalism/realism->Jack London/Mark Twain-> free will

• Modernism “death of god” -Nietzsche 

• Post-modernism

• the zeitgeists in order:

Zietgeist means

spirit of the times

Documents significant to scientific revolution:

Declaration of independence

Causes of modernism:

Industrial revolution

wwi&ii

Darwinism

Freud

The extended metaphor:

a metaphor that lasts throughout a text

William Carlos Williams famously said:

"No ideas but in things"

Sonnet:

little song

Stanza:

room

onomatopoeia

the formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named

new york school of poets:

Robert bly

James wright

Frank O’hara

Synisthesia:

mixed senses

"It is a violence from within that protects us from a violence without,"

-Wallece Stevens

Anaphora:

in poetry is the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses, lines, or sentences

Colonel Thomas wentworth higginson

emily dickenson’s Preceptor

Ekphrasis

“Description” in Greek. An ekphrastic poem is a vivid description of a scene or, more commonly, a work of art.

epigraph

A quotation from another literary work that is placed beneath the title at the beginning of a poem or section of a poem.

Enjambment

The running-over of a sentence or phrase from one poetic line to the next, without terminal punctuation; the opposite of end-stopped.

Two types of rhymes:

• exact rhymes

• slant/off

Robert frost wrote during the time of modernism but identified as a

romantic not a modernist