CMSD 543 - adult lang disorders

neurofibrils

inside cell; pathway for communication; tangles result in dementia symptoms

mitochondria

cell metabolism; chemo or damage results in reduced attention space and slowed processing speeds

astrocytes (glial cells)

assist blood-brain barrier to ensure a tight seal around vessels so only select substances can permeate to brain from blood

oligodendrites (glial cells)

produce myelin sheath in CNS

neuroglial cells

protect nerve in white and gray matter (astrocytes and oligodendrites)

schwann cells

produce myelin sheath in PNS

glioma

forms when oligodendrites multiply causing neoplastic growth (tumor)

association neurons

CNS

afferent neurons

sensory (receptive) PNS; neuropathy happens when no/limited feedback to brain

efferent

motor PNS

PNS

motor-speech disorders affect the _________

12 pairs

how many cranial nerves are there?

31 pairs

how many spinal nerves are there?

gray mater

cluttered with cell bodies of nerve cells

gray mater

are broca’s and wernicke’s located in gray or white mater?

aphasia

damage in gray mater can cause __________

white mater

long filaments (axons) of nerve cells are contained here

white mater

MS and dementia occur in the ___________

medulla

all cranial nerves pass through this part of the brainstem; autonomic functions

pons

responsible for hearing and balance; transfers movement info to cerebellum

midbrain

sensory + motor functions; audio + visual coordination

diencephalon

between stem and cerebral hemispheres; made up of the thalamus and basal ganglia

thalamus

relay station for sensory experiences to cortex; maintains consciousness (class example with engaging sensory environment)

basal ganglia

receives sensory + motor input from the frontal lobe; sends input through thalamus; damage results in dyskinesias

projection connecting fibers

transmit efferent and afferent info

association connecting fibers

connect areas within a hemisphere; arcuate fasciculus

arcuate fasciculus

connects broca’s and wernicke’s areas

commuisural connecting fibers

connects corresponding areas of both hemispheres; corpus callosum; damage causes disconnection syndromes

sulci

valleys

gyri

hills

stereognosis

perceive form + weight by handling/holding

choroid plexus

membrane that secretes CSF