E1. Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

A group of disorders with onset in the developmental period characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning

Intellectual Developmental Disorder (Intellectual Disability)

Characterized by deficits in general mental abilities and adaptive functioning that results in the failure to meet social standards of personal independence and social responsibility

Mild: 50 - 55 & 70

Moderate: 35 - 40 & 50 - 55

Severe: 20 - 25 & 35 - 40

Profound: below 20 - 25

Severity of Intellectual Development Disorder

Global Developmental Delay

For children under 5 years old, when the clinical severity level cannot be reliably assessed during early childhood. When children fail to meet expected developmental milestones in several areas of functioning

Language Disorder

Disorder characterized by difficulties in the acquisition and use of language across modalities due to deficits in comprehension and production in all situations

Expressive language is significantly below receptive language

Speech Sound Disorder

Disorder characterized by persistent difficulty with speech sound production that interferes with speech intelligibility or prevents verbal communication or messages

Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)

Disorder characterized by disturbances in the normal fluency and motor production of speech (e.g., sound repetitions, prolongations, broken words) that are inappropriate for the individual’s age and language skills and persists over time

Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder

Disorder characterized by persistent difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication (e.g., problems following conversation rules, understanding implied meanings, using communication for social purposes)

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction with restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interest, or activities across multiple contexts

Level 1: Requiring support

Level 2: Requiring substantial support

Level 3: Requiring very substantial support

Severity of ASD

Rett Disorder

A genetic condition that affects mostly females and is characterized by hand wringing and poor coordination

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development for at least 6 months

Symptoms must be present in multiple settings (e.g., school, home, work)

Symptoms present before 12 y/o

Criteria for ADHD

Predominantly Inattentive Presentation

Predominantly Hyperactivity/Impulsivity Presentation

Combined Presentation

Presentations of ADHD

Specific Learning Disorder

Disorder characterized by persistent difficulties in learning and using key academic skills (reading, writing, or mathematics) despite the provision of interventions targeting those difficulties for at least 6 months

With impairment in reading, expression, or mathematics

Impairments of Specific Learning Disorders

Developmental Coordination Disorder

Disorder characterized by deficits in the acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills (e.g., clumsiness, slowness, inaccuracy of motor performance) that interfere with daily activities

Stereotypic Movement Disorder

Disorder characterized by repetitive, seemingly driven, and apparently purposeless motor behaviors (e.g., hand flapping, body rocking, head banging), which can cause self-injury. Can be with self-injurious behavior or without

Tic Disorders

Disorders characterized by the presence of motor and/or vocal tics (sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic, stereotyped movements or vocalizations)

Tourette's Disorder

Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder

Provisional Tic Disorder

Types of Tic Disorders

Tourette's Disorder

Tic disorder characterized by multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic, persisting for more than 1 year

Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder

Tic disorder characterized by single or multiple motor or vocal tics, but not both, persisting for more than 1 year

Provisional Tic Disorder

Tic disorder characterized by single or multiple motor and/or vocal tics, present for less than 1 year

Before 18 y/o

Age of onset of Tic Disorders