Modern Western Civilization: Test 3

The Franco Prussian War

A war in which Prussia defeated France, leading to the unification of Germany under Prussian leadership.

Which nation "civilized" the Congo?

Belgium, under King Leopold II, claimed to bring civilization while exploiting the Congo's people and resources.

The nation known as the "Sick Man of Europe"

The Ottoman Empire, whose decline created political instability in Europe and the Middle East.

The major issue in the Balkans was

Nationalism—competing ethnic groups sought independence or political dominance, creating instability that contributed to World War I.

The cause of the "Great War" (World War I)

The immediate cause was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, underlying causes were militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism (MAIN).

The Zimmerman Telegram

A secret German message encouraging Mexico to attack the United States in exchange for lost territory, it helped bring the United States into World War I.

The 14 Points

President Woodrow Wilson's plan for a just peace after World War I, including self

The League of Nations

An international organization established after World War I to preserve peace, but it lacked enforcement power and the United States never joined.

According to historians, World War II in Europe

Ended on May 8, 1945 (V

The Potsdam Meeting

Truman, Stalin, and Churchill (later Attlee) met to determine how Germany would be occupied and governed after World War II.

Little Boy and Fat Man

The atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

The U.S. President who authorized the atomic bombs

Harry S. Truman.

The United Nations

An international organization founded to promote peace, security, cooperation, and human rights after World War II.

The Nuremberg Trials

Trials in which leading Nazi officials were prosecuted for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes against peace.

The "Cold War"

A period of political, military, economic, and ideological rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union.

The Berlin Blockade

The Soviet Union blocked land access to West Berlin, the Western Allies responded with the Berlin Airlift.

NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a military alliance formed to defend Western nations against Soviet aggression.

The Korean War

Began when communist North Korea invaded South Korea, prompting a United Nations response led by the United States.

Ho Chi Minh

Communist leader of North Vietnam who fought for Vietnamese independence and reunification.

The Vietnam War

A Cold War conflict between communist North Vietnam and South Vietnam, supported by the United States.

Space Race

The Cold War competition between the United States and the Soviet Union for achievements in space exploration and technology.

Iron Curtain

The political and ideological division between communist Eastern Europe and democratic Western Europe.

What nation was known as the "Jewel of the British Crown"?

India, Britain's most valuable colony because of its size, population, and economic importance.

In the 19th century the major powers in Africa were

Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, Portugal, and Italy, which competed during the Scramble for Africa.