Module 16: Ultradian Rhythms

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11 Terms

1
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what type of body function are ultradian rhythms most likely related to?

metabolism

2
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what sleep phases are considered ultradian but are modulated by circadian phase?

NREM-REM cycles

3
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what is meant by a “trimodal” activity pattern in rats and mice?

refers to three prominent activity bouts occurring at the beginning, middle, and end of their subjective night

4
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is the trimodal activity cycle in rats controlled by an independent ultradian clock?

no, it’s eliminated when the SCN is removed, suggesting it is not controlled by a separate ultradian clock

5
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what supports the idea that the SCN contains multiple circadian oscillators?

evidence from the phenomenon of “splitting”, where a single circadian rhythm dissociates into two or more independently free-running rhythms

6
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what might explain the multiple daily activity bouts in rats?

these may be outputs from separate groups of circadian oscillators within the SCN

7
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what does heavy water do to a rodent's body?

causes the circadian cycle to lengthen

8
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what is the proposed function of a dopaminergic ultradian oscillator (DUO)?

it is a hypothesized oscillator that controls activity cycles with periods shorter than 24 hours and is sensitive to dopamine levels

9
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what happens to circadian rhythms in rats with no SCN when given methamphetamine?

methamphetamine induces a robust free-running rhythm, appearing to restore rhythmicity even without the SCN

10
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how do DUO rhythms change with increasing doses of methamphetamine?

at low doses, it induces an ultradian rhythm; at higher doses, the rhythm slows and its period becomes much longer than 24 hours

11
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what psychiatric disorder do methamphetamine-induced rest-activity cycles in mice resemble?

rapid-cycling bipolar disorder, due to similar patterns of mania/depression and elevated dopamine activity