Criminal Justice System exam (4)

exam 1 chap 4

what are the roots of policing based on

British policing traditions

What are three tenets of U.S. policing

1. Limited authority

2. Local Control

3. Fragmented organizations

Is this U.K. v. U.S. Policing?

• No national police force

• 43 territorial forces under elected commissioners

• more centralized; overseen by home office

U.K Policing 

Is this U.K. v. U.S. Policing?

• ~18,000 agencies (local, state, federal)

• highly decentralized, under municipal/state governments 

U.S. Policing

Historical Development: which established groups of households responsible for order

Frankpledge System (England)

Historical Development: which established the parish constables with policing duties

Statute of Winchester (1258)

Historical Development: which established the first unofficial police force in london

Bow Street Runners (1748)

Historical Development: founded by Sir Robert Peel ___ (professional police force)

Metropolitan Police Act (1829)

London’s four police mandates

1. Prevent crime without excessive Force

2. Maintain order nonviolently

3. Reduce conflict with the public

4. Efficiency = absence of crime, not visible presence

Which three eras of the U.S. policing era are these points from?

• Politically controlled; corruption common

• officers hired via connections; law enforcement served political

Political era (1840-1920)

Which three eras of the U.S. policing era are these points from?

• Focus on professionalism, training, and technology

• Crime fighting > community service

Professional era (1920-1970)

Which policing era are these influential figures from

• August Vollmer

• O.W Wilson

Professional era (1920-1970)

Which policing era do these key cases fall into

Miranda v. Arizona (1966), Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

Professional era (1920-1970)

Which three eras of the U.S. policing era are these points from?

• Emphasis on community partnerships

• Problem-oriented policing, de-escalation, transparency

(Kelling and Moore, 1988)

Community Policing era (1970-present)

What federal agency does these sound most like?

• Broad federal jurisdiction

• Founded as a bureau of investigation, though was renamed in 19350

FBI (Dept. of Justice)

Who was the first director of the FBI

J. Edgar Hoover (1924-1972)

What did J. Edgar Hoover start

Professionalization, fingerprint database, and the UCR system

Which federal agency holds these priorities?

• Counterterrorism

• Counterintelligence

• Cyber crime

• Corruption

• Civil Rights

• organized crime

• white-collar crime

• violent crime

FBI

What are some other federal agencies

• DEA

• IRS

• ATF

• U.S. Marshalls

• DHS (created after 9/11)

• National Park Service 

Police Subculture

Shared values and rules

Working personality

Suspiciousness + authority— driven behavior

Implicit Bias

Unconscious Stereotypes

Police Morality

Justifying force via “Dirty Harry” mentality

Police Isolation

“Us v. Them” mentality

4 components of job stress:

1. External (threats/ dangers)

2. Organizational (Bureaucracy, hierarchy)

3. Personal (race/gender status issues)

4. Operational (dealing with criminals/ mentally Ill)

Police Functions: Order mantenance

Prevent disruptive/conflict behavior (discretionary)

Police Functions: Law Enforcement

Crime response and control

Police Functions: Service

Non-Crime assistance (aid, education, prevention)

Organization: Bureaucracy

Hierarchy, chain of command, division of labor

Organization: Patrol Units

“Back Bone” of local police 

Organization: Policy Units

Leadership, politics, public expectations, social context

What are Wilson’s 3 Policing styles 

1. Watchmen Style

2. Legalistic Style

3. Service Style

Which of Wilsons 3 policing styles does this fit:

Order maintenance > minor law. Violations tolerated

Watchman Style

Which of Wilsons 3 policing styles does this fit:

Strict enforcement, less discretion

Legalistic Style

Which of Wilsons 3 policing styles does this fit:

Emphasis on helping/commun

Service Style