Black Power Movement Notes for Exam 1

What year was the Emancipation Proclamation?

1864

What do black people want near the end of the Civil War?

to be left alone by white people and property

Why did black people not want schools to be integrated?

black schools got shut down and black teachers lost their jobs, leaving teachers who don’t love or understand black students

What does freedom look like after emancipation & slave trade?

get out, name changes, reunited families, acquire property, establish schools, churches, and business

Why did black people want property?

build a house and grow food to eat/sell

Why were there no southern public schools until after the Civil War?

no mixed education because they didn’t teach THEIR history and culture

Why did black people feel the need to establish businesses?

They didn’t want or need help

What is the main premise of Jim Crow and Segregation?

White people had to come up with something to dilute emancipation

13th amendment

abolished slavery

14th amendment

citizenship for all

15th amendment

voting for all men

What were some voting restriction tactics during Jim Crow?

intimidation, racial violence, grandfather clause, poll tax

grandfather clause

If your grandfather couldn’t vote, neither can you

poll tax

50 cents (unaffordable by poor black men), voting numbers decrease from 1896-1904

What allows immigrants in?

civil rights legislation

What was the premise of sharecropping?

keep black people in debt

How did landowners keep black people in debt?

by keeping the books in debt- if you’re in debt, you can’t leave

How did sharecropping affect education?

missed school because they had to work in the field

What is convict leasing?

convict black people of minor crimes then lease them to landowners to get them back on plantations

What is the premise of lynching?

community-sanctioned murder spectacle

Why were children taken to lynchings?

to pass down the tradition and the fear of the tradition

What are the three tenets of lynching?

power, pride, proof of culture

What helped black people survive Jim Crow and Segregation?

INSTITUTIONS

CTA

Colored Teacher Association - How do we meet the needs of black students?

NNBL

National Negro Business League

NDO

National Dental Organization

NBA

National Bar Association

“American” institution =

white

“National” institution =

black

What is the significance of the NAACP (1909)?

major civil rights organization

What is the significance of the National Urban League (1914-15)?

major civil rights organization

What is the significance of the National Council of Negro Women and the National Association of Colored Women?

professional black women

What are the two most important black institutions?

churches and Historical Black Colleges and Universities

Why black churches?

understood the Bible was written from the perspective of oppressed people and didn’t connect with the Jesus of Suburbia religion

What was so significant about HBCUs?

educated black people terrified white southerners

Who is Ralph Waldo Emerson Jones?

Pres. of Grambling SU, drove a beat up car in beat up clothes to look ignorant for the whites

What does education “do” to a black people?

put their lives in jeopardy of violence and brutality

What does a black curriculum controlled by white people look like?

how to be good workers, show deference to white race, and prepare them for field work

white people limiting black education =

crush black political aspirations, large source of cheap labor, discourage black independence

What were poor white people historically manipulated into thinking?

black people take their jobs

what is the first great migration (1918-1930)?

black people move from south to north

what were the push factors for the first great migration?

jim crow, lynching, voting restrictions, dehumanization

what were the pull factors for the first great migration?

field to factory migration--recruited to north because of employment holes due to WWI, even more during WWII

what is the effect of white people losing their labor force during the first great migration?

there is less to manipulate

what kept black people in the south?

violence/intimidation, train station abductions, debt laws (debt = can’t leave), banned black newspapers

what is the main effect of the first great migration?

changes the fabric of america- blacks go from rural to urban

what is the expectation and reality of the second great migration?

west coast better way of life / it’s just different- black people still don’t have much or anything

why do poor white people hold on to confederate flags?

it’s the only thing to hold on to

EXAM MATERIAL: what are the four things that cultivated black frustration after migration?

housing discrimination, employment discrimination, public schools, police brutality

where you live determines…

opportunities, education quality, healthcare, healthy food access

what is a main priority in the US in the 1940s?

home ownership

what are the two greatest welfare programs in us history?

federal housing administration, veteran’s administration

what is the process of the housing prioritization in the 1940s?

put a dollar down, get a house; guaranteed loans

what is the main premise of the 1940’s housing prioritization?

elevate white families into the middle class with a house

how did suburbs geographically affect black neighborhoods?

highway building tore them down so white people could go to suburbs to work

how were black people kept out of suburbs?

intimidation, red-lining, generational wealth. restrictive covenant

what is red-lining?

zoning process that separates predominantly black areas from white ones to know which residence areas to deny loans to

what is the restrictive covenant?

us supreme court says black people can’t buy in white housing sections

what is the effect of keeping black people out of suburbs?

inner-city overcrowded; health hazard; ghetto manufactured

what is the tipping point in real estate of black percentages?

4%

what did black women specifically deal with regarding employment discrimination?

stereotype: lazy and loud; conformity

what was the main issue with northern schools?

integrated in theory, segregated in practice

what were the main complaints of northern schools?

conflicting cultural values, did not understand black children, poor condition, overcrowded, no black history taught

what is the main reason behind police brutality during the mid-1900s?

no black people in the force, white southerners recruited because they knew how to deal with black people

what is the dual standard of the police force?

enforce certain laws in black communities but not in white communities

riot in 1960s significance

first time you see black people riot; before, it was whites beating up blacks in black neighborhoods

what is the pillaging of africa?

humans put in zoos in NYC; black people become conscious about effects of colonialism

what are the 6 black power movement inspiring global events?

kenya, bandung conference, ghana’s independence, cuban revolution, sharpsville massacre, assassination of patrice lamumba

how does kenya 1952 inspire the black power movement?

attempting freedom from british; mau mau rebellion

how does the bandung conference of 1955 in indonesia inspire the black power movement?

unity and cooperation among the Asian and African countries, struggle for national liberation, promoted anti-imperialist and anti-colonialist ideas

how does ghana’s independence in 1957 inspire the black power movement?

throws off colonialism

how does the cuban revolution of 1959 inspire the black power movement?

proximity and revolution

what is the significance of the sharpsville massacre of 1960 in the black power movement?

many shot in political demonstration

who is patrice lamumba?

prime minister of congo assassinated for cold war interests

how was word of the 6 major black power movement inspirations spread?

black newspapers

what two major things were black people taught that the black power movement aims to reverse?

hate the color of their skin and africa

why were black people taught to hate africa?

isolate them from their roots and keep them from going back so they can take resources

what was the difference between the north and the south?

north integrated in theory, still dealing with 4 main issues; south dealing with segregation and voting inability

region that malcolm x “spoke to”

north

region that king “spoke to”

south, scripture

what were the 2 leader types of the civil rights movement?

mobilizers, organizers

what were mobilizers primarily comprised of?

speakers

what did organizers do?

raise consciousness level of the people

what was islam the first nation to do?

respond to black frustration in the north

what was the islam doctrine relating to black people?

white man is the devil, black man is god

what is the premise behind the islam black people doctrine?

it is in white people’s dna to be racist

when did white jesus come around?

renaissance movement

what does portraying jesus as black do?

allows black people to take pride in being on the side of god

according to islam, who created the world?

black people

what are the black creators of the world in the islam religion united by?

skin color, religion, and innately religious disposition

what one-word description is yakub the big-headed scientist?

sellout

what does yakub do from birth?

hate himself

what does yakub want to do?

create a race of people who will control black people using black genes

what is tricknology (yakub)?

tricks, lies, and deception

what are characteristics of yakub’s new race?

small brains, fragile bones, pale skin, homicide, treachery, terror

what did yakub’s race regress into?

primates

what conditions did yakub’s race live in, and what did they do?

european caves, capture black people and enslave them in north american wilderness to procreate and kill the adult generation to wipe knowledge of self

what did the islam yakub race explain?

why black people lived through command of the white man because they didn’t know themselves--had no desire to know

6 characteristics of black people who didn’t know who they were

love alcohol, pork, and profanity, and the devil; mistreat women; live on handouts

“the white man’s ice is colder and his sugar is sweeter”

whatever the white man has is better than what black people have--education, jobs, neighborhoods