Anatomy and Physiology Study Quizlet

Anatomy

Structure

Physiology

Function

Respiration

obtaining oxygen, removing carbon dioxide, and releasing energy from foods

Absorption

passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids

Circulation

Movement of substances from place to place in body fluids

Assimilation

changing of absorbed substances into different chemical forms

Excretion

removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions

Pressure

To move things

Stimuli

Causes change

Effectors

cause responses that alter conditions in the internal environment

Integumentary System

Includes skin, hair, nails. Protects underlying tissues.

Skeletal System

Includes bones, ligaments, and cartilage. Supports the body and provides frameworks.

Muscular System

Includes muscles and tendons. Helps support and move the body.

Nervous System

Includes brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs. Controls various functions in the body and maintains homeostasis.

Endocrine System

Includes pituitary, thyroid, and pancreas. Consists of glands called hormones.

Cardiovascular System

Includes heart, blood, and veins. Transports substances throughout the internal environment

Respiratory System

Includes lungs, trachea, and nose. Moves air in and out of the body. Expels carbon dioxide.

Lymphatic/Immune System

Includes white blood cells. Removes disease-causing microorganisms and viruses from the body

Digestive System

Includes stomach, teeth, and small intestine. Absorbs nutrients and excretes various wastes

Excretory/Urinary System

Includes kidney and bladder. Removes wastes from blood.

Reproductive System (Male)

Includes testes, penis, and prostate. Produces and maintains sperm.

Reproductive System (Female)

Includes ovaries, vagina, uterus. Produces and maintains eggs.

Anterior

Front of the body

Ventral

Toward your stomach

Posterior

Toward the back

Dorsal

Toward the back and opposite the stomach

Superior

Indicates upward direction towards head

Inferior

Indicates downward direction towards feet

Medial

Body divided by a vertical midline

Lateral

Opposite of medial (horizontal)

Bilateral

Farthest away, and on both sides of the midline

Superficial

Toward the surface of the body

Deep

Towards the interior of a structure (deep inside the body)

Proximal

Refers to arms and legs

Distal

Opposite of proximal

sagittal plane

a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts

Midsagittal (median) plane

divides the body into EQUAL right and left sides

Parasagittal plane

A cut parallel to the median

Transverse Plane

Horizontal cut dividing the body into superior and inferior portions