Gyn/Ob Midterm Practice

What are the signs of puberty? (PATA)

a. Pubic hair growth

b. Development of breast buds

c. Vaginal discharge

d. Hair loss

Pubic hair growth, Development of breast buds, Vaginal discharge

The prepuberty uterus is shaped as what?

a. Orange

b. Pear

c. Apple

d. Tear drop

Tear drop

The post-puberty uterus (due to estrogen production) is shaped as what?

a. Orange

b. Pear

c. Apple

d. Tear drop

Pear

The 1st menstruation is known as:

a. Anarchy

b. Menarche

c. Menses

d. Menopause

Menarche

What is fluid filled sac that forms over the ovary during the menstrual cycle called?

a. TOA

b. Teratoma

c. Ovarian cyst

d. Cystocele

Ovarian cyst

Combination birth control pills & progesterone therapy are used to help prevent ovarian cysts.

a. True

b. False

True

When is the Luteinizing Hormone normally at its highest during the female hormone cycle?

a. Day 1

b. Day 14

c. Day 20

d. Day 28

Day 14

At what phase is Progesterone at its highest during the female hormone cycle?

a. Ovulatory phase

b. Follicular phase

c. Luteal phase

Luteal phase

Progesterone is the hormone that is primarily produced by the corpus luteum

a. True

b. False

True

If progesterone is too _____ implantation cannot happen.

a. High

b. Low

Low

What organs produce estrogen?

a. Adipose cells

b. Adrenal glands

c. Ovaries

d. All the above

All the above

What subtype of estrogen is the most abundant?

a. Estrone

b. Estradiol

c. Estriol

Estradiol

What is the role of estrogen in the ovaries?

a. Stimulate the growth of the egg & follicle

b. Create corpus luteum

c. Help the sperm get to the egg

d. Release the egg during ovulation

Stimulate the growth of the egg & follicle

What does estrogen do to the mammary glands?

a. Promote breast growth

b. Increase flow of breast milk

c. Hinder breast growth

Promote breast growth

What is used to block sperm from swimming up the cervix? (select all that apply)

a. Birth control pills

b. Cervical cap

c. Diaphragm

d. Condom

Cervical cap, Diaphragm, Condom

How effective is a condom at preventing pregnancy?

a. 75%

b. 83%

c. 92%

d. 98%

98%

What should be used with a diaphragm to protect from pregnancy?

a. Water based lubricant

b. Spermicide lubricant

c. Oil based lubricant

d. Silicone lubricant

Spermicide lubricant

An Essure is a form of permanent birth control that someone can get today.

a. True

b. False

False

Tubal ligation is reversible.

a. True

b. False

False

Age plays a role in sterility.

a. True

b. False

b. False

What is the most common cause for female infertility?

a. Polycystic ovarian syndrome

b. Damage to fallopian tubes

c. Poor nutrition

d. Cervical mucous issue

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

When someone has PCOS, they have high levels of:

a. Melatonin

b. Estrogen

c. Androgen

d. Progesterone

Androgen

What are factors that increase risk of infertility in women?

a. Hormonal intolerances

b. Excessive athletic training

c. Radiation therapy

d. All the above

All the above

A woman with unhealthy eggs might consider what route to have a baby?? (select all that apply)

a. IVF

b. Surrogacy

c. Tubal embryo transfer

d. Intrauterine insemination

b. Surrogacy

What is the most effective assisted reproductive technology?

a. Zygote intrafallopian transfer

b. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

c. In vitro fertilization

d. Tubal embryo transfer

In vitro fertilization

In reciprocal IVF, the baby has the DNA of the birth mother.

a. True

b. False

False

What is NOT a sign of menopause?

a. Hot flashes

b. Vaginal dryness

c. Mood changes

d. Weight loss

Weight loss

What images can be taken to determine the level of bone density during menopause? (PATA)

a. X-Ray

b. CT

c. DEXA

d. MRI

DEXA, Xray

What synthetic hormone is used to treat menopause?

a. Nutropin

b. Premarin

c. Kyleena

d. Minulet

Premarin

What is something that women are usually born with but don't know until they are older?

a. Ovarian dermoid cyst

b. Dermoid cyst

c. Endometriosis

d. Ovarian cyst

Ovarian dermoid cyst

What are symptoms of ovarian dermoid cysts? (select all that apply)

a. Nausea

b. Changes in appetite

c. Change in stool color

d. Diarrhea

Nausea, Changes in appetite (also vomiting, constipation, painful intercourse)

What is NOT a home remedy for vulvodynia?

a. Use lubricants

b. Wear tight clothing

c. Soak in a sitz bath

d. Use a cold compress

Wear tight clothing

Endometriosis can sometimes be mistaken for:

a. Ovarian cyst

b. Irritable bowel syndrome

c. Pelvic inflammatory disease

d. Dermoid cyst

b. Irritable bowel syndrome

Signs & symptoms of Endometriosis include:

a. Dysmenorrhea

b. Frequent urination

c. Fever

d. Excessive bleeding

e. Painful intercourse

Dysmenorrhea, Excessive bleeding, Painful intercourse

What are home remedies for endometriosis? (select all that apply)

a. Warm bath

b. Over the counter NSAIDs (Advil, Aleve, Motrin)

c. Exercise

d. Physical therapy

e. All the above

All the above

The surgical removal of the uterus is called a _____.

a. Hysterectomy

b. Oophorectomy

c. Myomectomy

d. Salpingectomy

Hysterectomy

What is a common side effect of a vaginal prolapse?

a. Mid back pain

b. Diarrhea

c. Feeling fullness in the pelvic area

Feeling fullness in the pelvic area

What is a treatment for vaginal prolapse? (PATA)

a. Kegel exercises

b. Vaginal pessary

c. Surgery

d. All the above

All the above

What is one cause of uterine prolapse?

a. Repetitive heavy lifting

b. Delivery of a premature baby

c. High estrogen

d. Young when 1st gave birth

Repetitive heavy lifting

Another name for an anterior uterine prolapse is Cystocele.

a. True

b. False

False

Another name for a posterior uterine prolapse is Rectocele.

a. True

b. False

False

Symptoms of rectal prolapse include??(PATA)

a. Changes in color or order of stool

b. Inability to control bowel movements

c. Diarrhea

d. Sexual concerns

b. Inability to control bowel movements

c. Diarrhea

d. Sexual concerns

The Uroflow test is used to find:

a. Rectal prolapse

b. Yeast infection

c. Vaginitis

d. Pelvic floor dysfunction

d. Pelvic floor dysfunction

What type of vaginitis produces greenish/yellow discharge?

a. Yeast infection

b. Bacterial vaginosis

c. Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis

How do you prevent vaginitis? (Possibly PATA)

a. Practicing good hygiene

b. Utilizing baths, hot tubs, & whirlpools

c. Douching

d. Using scented tampons/pads

Practicing good hygiene

Most common fungus that causes a yeast infection is:

a. Trichomoniasis

b. Aspergillosis

c. Candida

d. Histoplasmosis

Candida

Other than abstinence, _____ are/is the best measure to prevent STIs & STDs.

a. Condoms

b. Copper IUDs

c. The "pull out" method

d. Praying

Condoms

The most common STI caused by a bacterium is:

a. Gonorrhea

b. Chlamydia

c. Syphilis

d. Herpes

Chlamydia

The clap or drip refers to:

a. Genital herpes

b. Gonorrhea

c. HIV

d. Chlamydia

Gonorrhea

Symptoms of gonorrhea in women include: (select all that apply)

a. Pain during sexual intercourse

b. Yellow or white vaginal discharge

c. Cramping

d. Headaches

Pain during sexual intercourse, Yellow or white vaginal discharge

Gonorrhea is treated with:

a. Antibiotics

b. Antivirals

c. Antiseptics

d. Unprotected anal sex

e. Jesus

f. D & E

Antibiotics

What are the main groups of bacteria that cause PID? (select all that apply)

a. Gonorrhea

b. Chlamydia

c. Syphilis

d. Human papillomavirus

Gonorrhea, Chlamydia

PID is a major cause of

a. Type 2 diabetes

b. Ovarian cancer

c. Endometriosis

d. Ectopic pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancy

What are risk factors that increase one's chance of developing PID?

a. Douching regularly

b. Practicing safe sex

c. Being overweight

d. Being sexually active & younger than 25

e. IUD insertion

Douching regularly, Being sexually active & younger than 25, IUD insertion

Symptoms of a Tubo-Ovarian Abscess (TOA) - a complication of PID, include: (select all that apply)

a. Pus-filled ovaries

b. Constipation

c. Chills

d. Fever

e. Mid back pain

Chills, Fever, Pus-filled ovaries

Syphilis can be spread even when no signs or symptoms are being expressed.

a. True

b. False

True

What STI is connected to cervical cancer?

a. Human papillomavirus

b. HIV/AIDS

c. Syphilis

d. Chlamydia

Human papillomavirus

What type of cervical cancer develops from cells in the ectocervix?

a. Adenocarcinoma

b. Squamous cell

Squamous cell

What are symptoms of cervical cancer? (PATA)

a. Abnormal vaginal bleeding

b. Leg pain

c. Abdominal cramps

d. Unexpected weight gain

a. Abnormal vaginal bleeding

b. Leg pain

c. Abdominal cramps

What is the 4th most common cancer among women globally?

a. Breast

b. Lung

c. Cervical

d. Uterine

e. Ovarian

Cervical

What cancer causes more deaths than any other female reproductive system cancer?

a. Breast

b. Cervical

c. Ovarian

Ovarian

What is the most common type of ovarian cancer?

a. Stromal tumors

b. Germ cell tumors

c. Epithelial ovarian cancer

Epithelial ovarian cancer

_____ can reduce the risk of ovarian cancer.

a. Oral contraceptives

b. Condoms

c. IUDs

d. Implants

Oral contraceptives

What is the most common type of breast cancer?

a. Lobular carcinoma in situ

b. Inflammatory breast cancer

c. Triple negative breast cancer

d. Infiltrating (invasive) ductal carcinoma

Infiltrating (invasive) ductal carcinoma

There are _____ stages of breast cancer.

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

e. 5

5

In what stage does cancer spread to nearby breast tissue?

a. Stage 0

b. Stage I

c. Stage II

d. Stage III

e. Stage IV

b. Stage I

What modality is the best at spotting abnormalities in people with dense breast tissue

a. Breast thermography

b. Ultrasound

c. Mammogram

d. Electrography

Ultrasound

_____ is the color of a hot spot on thermography.

a. Red

b. Orange

c. Yellow

d. Blue

Red

Domestic violence/intimate partner abuse happens more to men than women.

a. True

b. False

False

When a partner is forcing miscarriage, abortion, or forcing the continuation of an unwanted pregnancy, that is known as:

a. Domestic violence

b. Reproductive manipulation

c. Reproductive coercion

d. Based, and a totally justifiable action

Reproductive coercion

What are warning signs of intimate partner violence? (select all that apply)

a. Encouraging their partner to spend time with other people

b. Having separate bank accounts

c. Pressuring about sex

d. Showing extreme jealousy of friends & family

Pressuring about sex, Showing extreme jealousy of friends & family

What tests rule out male infertility? (select all that apply)

a. Scrotal ultrasound

b. Semen analysis

c. Hysteroscopy

d. Basal body temperature monitoring

Scrotal ultrasound, Semen analysis

What is NOT a factor that increases risk of infertility in men?

a. Descended testicles

b. Low sperm count

c. Cystic fibrosis

d. Premature ejaculation

Descended testicles

Which contraceptive method primarily works by disabling sperm?

a. Cervical cap

b. Copper IUD

c. Birth control pills

d. Diaphragm

b. Copper IUD

Hormonal birth control prevents pregnancy mainly by:

a. Blocking sperm entry

b. Killing sperm

c. Suppressing ovulation

d. Thickening vaginal walls

c. Suppressing ovulation

The mini-pill differs from combination pills because it:

a. Stops ovulation completely

b. Contains estrogen only

c. Contains only progestin

d. Is non-hormonal

c. Contains only progestin

A key mechanism of the mini-pill is:

a. Increasing LH surge

b. Thickening cervical mucus

c. Destroying sperm

d. Blocking the cervix

b. Thickening cervical mucus

HIV can be transmitted through all EXCEPT:

a. Breast milk

b. Saliva

c. Semen

d. Blood

b. Saliva

The stage of syphilis characterized by a painless chancre is:

a. Secondary

b. Latent

c. Primary

d. Tertiary

c. Primary

Which STI is most strongly linked to cancer development?

a. Gonorrhea

b. Chlamydia

c. HPV

d. Syphilis

c. HPV

Tertiary syphilis can lead to:

a. Mild rash only

b. Brain and heart damage

c. Vaginal discharge

d. Fever only

b. Brain and heart damage

Which gene mutation greatly increases risk of breast and ovarian cancer?

a. p53

b. HER2

c. BRCA1/BRCA2

d. KRAS

c. BRCA1/BRCA2

Which is a non-invasive breast cancer?

a. IDC

b. ILC

c. DCIS

d. TNBC

c. DCIS

Inflammatory breast cancer often presents with:

a. Blue discoloration

b. Skin dimpling and redness

c. Nipple inversion only

d. No skin changes

b. Skin dimpling and redness

Which test uses dye and X-ray to assess fallopian tube patency?

a. SIS

b. HSG

c. Laparoscopy

d. Pap smear

b. HSG

Basal body temperature tracking helps detect:

a. Pregnancy

b. Ovulation

c. Menopause

d. PID

b. Ovulation

Which test allows direct visualization of the uterus with a scope?

a. Ultrasound

b. Hysteroscopy

c. MRI

d. Pap smear

b. Hysteroscopy