15 - HIV

human immunodeficiency virus

The etiologic agent of AIDS is a human retrovirus known as

Retroviruses

viruses that contain a single positive-stranded RNA

reverse transcriptase

Retroviruses contain a special enzyme known as

DNA

reverse transcriptase enables the virus to convert viral RNA to

HIV-1

HIV-2

Two types of HIV have been classified:

HIV-1

Two types of HIV

causative agent of AIDS worldwide

HIV-2

Two types of HIV

associated with immunodeficiency and a clinical syndrome similar to AIDS in West Africa

lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV)

human T-cell lymphotropic virus Type II (HTLV-II)

AIDS-related virus

HIV was formerly known as (3)

lentivirus

HIV is believed to be a member of the group of nontransforming, cytopathic retroviruses called

lentivirus

cause chronic neurodegenerative and washing diseases in animals similar to the wasting disease and neurologic disorders produced by HIV in humans.

half an hour

Rapid HIV Testing

Rapid tests (which come in both blood and oral versions) are done on-site and give a reading within _ _ _

ELISA

Western Blot

Rapid HIV Testing

As with the _, a positive reading on a rapid test requires a second, confirmatory assay such as a _ _

15-25

75, 25

25, 25, 25

PROCEDURE: (Qualitative Test)

1. Preparation of reagents by reconstitution. Reconstituting at room temperature (_-_°C at least 30 minutes prior to the test.

2. Place 3 drops (_ ul) of sample diluent in well 1 and 1 drop (_ ul) in wells 2, 3 and 4

3. Using a micropipette add _ ul of specimen into well #1. Mix the contents of well#1 by filling and discharging the micropipette 6 to 7 times. Next, transfer _ ul of the diluent solution from well #1 to well #2 using the micropipette. Repeat the transfer-mixing operation for wells #2, #3, and #4 and discard _ ul of solution remaining in the pipette.

25, 25, 25

4-6

room temperature, 2

1. Preparation of reagents by reconstitution. Reconstituting at room temperature (15-25°C at least 30 minutes prior to the test.

2. Place 3 drops (75 ul) of sample diluent in well 1 and 1 drop (25 ul) in wells 2, 3 and 4

3. Using a micropipette add 25 ul of specimen into well #1. Mix the contents of well#1 by filling and discharging the micropipette 6 to 7 times. Next, transfer 25 ul of the diluent solution from well #1 to well #2 using the micropipette. Repeat the transfer-mixing operation for wells #2, #3, and #4 and discard 25 ul of solution remaining in the pipette.

4. Place 1 drop (_ ul) of Unsensitized Particles in well #2, 1 drop (_ ul) of HIV-1 Sensitized particles in well 3 and 1 drop (_ ul) of HIV-2 Sensitized Particles in well 4 using droppers supplied in the kit.

5. Mix the contents of the wells, thoroughly using a plate mixer (at a velocity range of _-_ when using Fujirebio's ONE PLATE MIXER) If a plate mixer is not available, the procedure can be done manually by tapping the 4 edges of the microplate several times to mix well. Then cover the plate and let it stand at _ _ for _ hours before reading.

1:32

1:64

Interpretation of result:

In the qualitative test, a specimen that reacts negatively with Unsensitized Particles but shows agglutination with Sensitized Particles (final dilution _ for HIV-1, _ for HIV-2) is regarded as positive.