The General Skeletal System

How many bones are in the adult body?

206

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

framework, protection, levers, production of blood cells, storage

What does the sketetal system store?

calcium

How do levers work in the skeletal system?

muscles attach to bones in order to help provide support

How does the skeletal system protect?

surrounds vital organs

How does the skeletal systems create the framework for the body?

Supports the body’s muscles, fat, and skin

What are the names of the cells within the bones?

osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

What is the periosteum?

the outer layer of the bone

What are osteoblasts?

bone building cells

What are osteocytes?

osteoblasts within the bone matrix

osteoclasts

cells that cause absorption of bone

What are compact bones?

dense, stress bearing bones

What are cancellous bones?

light and spongy bones; more flexible

What are long bones?

bones which are longer than the width

What bones are considered long bones?

humerus, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula, phalanges

What is the diaphysis?

long shaft of the bone

What is the epiphysis?

ends of the bones

What is the medullary canal/cavity?

cavity within the diaphysis; filled with yellow marrow

What is the endosteum?

membrane which lines medullary canal; keeps yellow marrow in tact

What is the articular cartilage?

thin layer which covers epiphysis and acts as shock absorber

What is red marrow?

produces red blood cells and some white blood cells + platelets; used to diagnose blood diseases

What are short bones?

length and width almost equal

Where can short bones be found?

carpals and tarsals

What are flat bones?

broad surface area and protect vital organs

Where can flat bones be found?

cranial bones, facial bones, scapula, sternum

What are irregular bones?

oddly shaped bones which provide support and protection

What kind of bones are irregular?

vertebrae, ribs, hips

what are sesamoid bones?

bones in tendons

Where can sesamoid bones be found?

patella and pisiform(carpal bone)

Why are bone marking a thing?

join bones together, provide surface for attachment, create openings 4 blood vessels and nerves, used as landmarks

What is a process marking?

bony prominence or projection

What is a condyle marking?

rounded knuckle-like prominence usually @ point of articulation

What is a head marking?

rounded articulating process @ end of bone

What is a spine marking?

sharp, slender projection

What is a tuberosity marking?

large rounded processing

What is a trochanter marking?

large rounded process for muscle attachment

What is a fossa marking?

shallow depression

What is a foramen marking?

hole in bone (vertebrae)

What is the axial skeleton?

main trunk of skeleton

What parts of the skeleton are included in the axial skeleton?

skull, spinal column, ribs, breastbone

What is the appendicular skeleton

includes extremities(shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, leg bones)