Chemistry Chapter 1 Study Guide
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38 Terms
Chemistry
The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, processes matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes.
Organic Chemistry
The study of most carbon-containing compounds.
Inorganic Chemistry
The study of nonorganic substances.
Physical Chemistry
The study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy.
Analytical Chemistry
The identification of the components and composition of materials.
Biochemistry
The study of substances and processes occurring in living things.
Theoretical Chemistry
The use of mathematics and computers to support ideas.
Chemical
any substance that has a definite composition
Basic Research
Carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge.
Applied Research
Carried out to solve a problem
Technological Development
The production and use of products that improve our quality of life.
Volume
The amount of 3 dimensional space an object occupies.
Mass
A measure of the amount of matter.
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Atom
The smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element.
Element
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made up of one type of atom.
Compound
A substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances. Each compound is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded.
Extensive Properties
depend on the amount of matter that is present
Intensive Properties
do not depend on the amount of matter present
Physical Properties
A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance.
Physical Change
A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of a substance.
Change of State
A physical change of substance from one state to another.
Solid State
Has definite volume and definite shape. resists compression. orderly arrangement of particles.
Liquid State
has a definite volume but an indefinite shape. particles move freely past one another. can be compressed to a point.
Gas State
has neither definite shape or volume. can be compressed
Fluids
gas and liquids are considered this
Plasma
A high-temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons.
Chemical Properties
Relates to a substances ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances.
Chemical Change
A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances.
Evidences of a chemical change
-Bubbles
-Formation of a precipitate
-heat or light
-color change
Reactants
The substances that react in a chemical change
Products
The substances formed in a chemical change
Law of conservation of energy
Energy can be absorbed or released in a change, it is not destroyed or created.
Properties of metals
-most solids @ room temp
-malleable
ductile
-conduct heat and electricity well
Metal
an element that is a good electrical conductor and a good heat conductor
Nonmetal
An element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity.
Properties of metalloids
-solids @ room temp
-semiconductors
Nobel Gases
-elements in group 18
-nonreactive
-gases @ room temp