TOPIC 1: Cell Biology

Name the cell structures animal and plant cells share

Nucleus

• Mitochondria

• Cell membrane

• Ribosomes

• Cytoplasm

What cell structures do plant cells have that animal cells don’t ?

• Chloroplasts

• Vacuole

• Cell wall

What is the function of the nucleus and the cell membrane ?

• Contains rather cells DNA and controls the cells activities

• Controls what comes in and out the cell .

What is the function of the nucleus and the cell membrane ?

• Contains rather cells DNA and controls the cells activities

• Controls what comes in and out the cell .

What is the function of the ribosomes + mitochondria ?

• where protein synthesis takes places

• provides energy for aerobic respiration ( site of respiration)

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells ?

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus where the DNA is stored , prokaryotic cells don’t and the DNA is stored in plasmids (rings of DNA)

Which microscope has better magnification+ resolution ?

The electron microscope has better magnification and resolution allowing it to see cells in more detail, and see sub cellular structures.

Name a disadvantage of the electron microscope has?

Can only view dead specimen whereas the light microscope can view living specimen

What is cell specialisation ?

The process in which cell differentiate and develop sub cellular structures for a specific function .

Difference between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells

• Embryonic stem cells found in embryos

• Adult stem cells found in the bone marrow

Second difference between embryonic and adult stem cells ?

• embryonic can turn into any type of cell

• Adult stem cells can only turn into limited types of stem cells.

Describe the first stage of mitosis

The DNA/ sub cellular structures replicate

Describe the second stage of mitosis

Chromosomes line up at the centre and fibres pull them apart

Describe the third stage of mitosis

The nucleus and the cell membrane separates

Describe the 4th stage of mitosis

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The cytoplasm separates and two identical daughter cells are formed

What is osmosis

The movement of water particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a partially permeable membrane down the concentration gradient .

What is Diffusion?

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration down the concentration gradient .

Describe Active Transport

The movement of particles from a low concentration to a high concentration against the concentration gradient . Requires energy