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32 Terms
1
Infection
A condition resulting when a microbe invades the body, multiplies, and causes injury or disease.
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Microbes
Includes bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses.
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3
Pathogen
A microbe capable of causing disease.
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4
Communicable infections
Infections that can be spread from person to person.
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5
Endemic
A disease that belongs to a particular area, people, or country, and can commonly be found there.
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6
Outbreak
A sudden increase in disease cases in an area beyond what is expected.
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7
Epidemic
When an outbreak spreads rapidly and affects many people within a community or region.
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8
Pandemic
When an epidemic spreads over multiple countries or continents affecting a large portion of the population.
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9
Nosocomial infection
Patient infection acquired in a hospital.
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10
Healthcare-associated infection (HAI)
Patient infection acquired during healthcare delivery in any healthcare settings.
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Antibiotic-Resistant Infections
Bacteria that have become resistant to antibiotics, such as MRSA and Clostridioides difficile.
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12
Chain of Infection
The process by which infection spreads, involving infectious agent, reservoir, exit pathway, means of transmission, entry pathway, and susceptible host.
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13
Reservoir
The source of an infectious agent, where the microbe can survive and grow.
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14
Exit pathway
The way an infectious agent leaves its reservoir host.
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15
Means of transmission
The method by which an infectious agent is spread.
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16
Entry pathway
The way an infectious agent enters a susceptible host.
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17
Susceptible host
An individual with a decreased ability to resist infection.
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18
Breaking the Chain of Infection
Methods such as hand hygiene, nutrition, and use of personal protective equipment to prevent infection spread.
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19
Asepsis
Condition of being free of contamination or germs that can cause disease.
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20
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards that can cause injury or illness.
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21
Universal precautions (UP)
Assuming that all blood and body fluids are potentially infectious.
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22
Standard precautions
Measures taken to prevent transmission of infection in healthcare settings.
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23
Bloodborne pathogens
Infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease.
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24
OSHA Blood-Borne Pathogens Standard
A federal law intended to reduce/eliminate exposure to bloodborne pathogens.
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25
Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act
Act requiring the revision of BBP standards focused on safety and prevention.
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26
Chemical safety
Practices to minimize the risk of chemical exposure and accidents.
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27
Fire safety
Procedures and practices to prevent and respond to fire incidents.
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28
First Aid
Emergency care given to an injured person before professional medical help arrives.
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29
Shock
A condition where insufficient blood flow results in inadequate oxygen supply to body organs.
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30
Stroke
A medical emergency characterized by sudden neurological impairment due to lack of blood flow to the brain.
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31
CPR
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, an emergency procedure to aid someone who has stopped breathing or whose heart has stopped.
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32
Personal wellness
A holistic approach to health that includes physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and economic needs.
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