BM - Joints & Cartilage

Closer to the head

Superior

Farther from the head

Inferior

Toward the front of the body

Anterior

Toward the back of the body

Posterior

Toward the midline of the body

Medial

Away from the midline of the body

Lateral

Closer to the trunk

Proximal

Away from the trunk

Distal

Toward the surface of the body

Superficial

Inside the body, away from skin surface

Deep

Moving away from midline of body or body part

Abduction

Moving toward the midline of body or body part

Adduction

Moving to the superior position

Elevation

Moving to the inferior position

Depression

Turning about the vertical axis of the bone

Rotation

Rotating forearm laterally (palm faces front of body)

Supination

Rotating forearm medially (palm faces back of body)

Pronation

Turning the foot in toward the center

Inversion

Turning the foot out to the hip

Eversion

Pointing toes

Plantar Flexion

Lifting toes while keeping heel on ground

Dorsiflexion

Circumscribing a conical area, involving flexion, abduction,

extension, and adduction in sequence

Circumduction

Joints connected by fibrous tissue with no joint cavity.

Bony surfaces are immovable or have very little

movement relative to one another. (i.e. tib-fib joint)

Fibrous

Joints in which cartilage (ex. fibrocartilage or sometimes hyaline)

exists at the interface but there is no joint cavity.

Bony surfaces are immovable or have some

movement relative to one another.

Cartilaginous

Allow for a large degree of relative motion

between the opposing bones and contain a joint

cavity. All are diarthrodial (freely moveable).

Synovial

Freely movable joints

Diarthrodial

Synovial joins have a lone of this type of cartilage layering the ends of the involved bones.

Articular

Synovial joinds are encloused by a strong…

Fibrous capsule

This membrane lines the inner surface of a synovial joint capsule

Synovial membrane

T or F: Synovial joints have nerve fibers and blood vessels for the membranes.

True

latin word

meaning “purse” is a

flattened fibrous sac

lined by a synovial

membrane to reduce

friction

Bursa

An elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon

Tendon sheath

Synovial joints, but another name

Diarthrodial

Ball and socket (shoulder)

Enarthrodial

Condylid (wrist)

Ellipsoidal

Gliding (intercarpal joints)

Arthrodial

Hinge joint (elbow, knee)

Ginglymus

Pivot (radius to ulna joint)

Trochoid

Saddle (thumb joint)

Sellar

Type of Cartilage
– Distribution of loads over joint surface

– Improvement of fit of articulating surfaces (femoral

condyles and tibial plateau)

– Limitation of bone slip within joint

– Protection of periphery of articulation

– Lubrication

– Shock absorption

Fibrocartilage

Type of Cartilage
Dense, white connective tissue that provides a protective

lubrication.

– 1-5 mm thick (varies depending on anatomical site)

– Coats the ends of articulating bones in diarthrodial joints

– Load support via the thickness, surface contour, and material

properties

Articular

Type of Cartilage
Larynx, epiglottis, external ear

Elastic