Henry VII's foreign policy and relations

*UNFINISHED* a-level tudors year 12 foreign relations and policy

When was the Intercursus Magnus signed?

1496

Who was the Intercursus Magnus between?

England and Burgundy

How did the Intercursus Magnus benefit England?

• English merchants could trade freely with Burgundy except Flanders

• English cloth transported across Europe from Antwerp

• 1509 - English merchants shipping half of cloth in Europe - 60% more cloth exported - would help development in the New World

When was the Intercursus Malus signed?

1506

Who was involved in the Intercursus Malus?

England and Burgundy

What did the Intercursus Malus involve?

No duties upon the sale of English cloth but Dutch subjects continued to pay English duties

What was the Hanseatic League?

German towns who dominated trading in the Baltic

How did Henry VII counter the Hanseatic League?

Navigation Acts (1485-86)

What did the Navigation Acts encourage?

The use of English ships to carry goods e.g. French wines only on English ships

When was the Treaty of Medina del Campo?

1489

Who was involved in the Treaty of Medina del Campo?

England and Spain

What did the Treaty of Medina del Campo promise?

• An alliance with equal trading rights

• Not make agreements with France without consulting each other

What deepened the Treaty of Medina del Campo?

The marriage between Prince Arthur and the daughter of the Spanish monarchs

How long was the Breton Crisis?

1488-1492

Who was involved in the Breton Crisis?

England, France and Brittany

What were the consequences of the Breton Crisis?

• Parliament granted £100,000 for 3-6,000 men

• England acted only in defence of Brittany

• France received Warbeck in court and moved more troops into Brittany

• England sent 12,000 troops into Brittany

• Southern shore in French hands except Calais

What ended the Breton Crisis?

The Treaty of Etaples

When was the Treaty of Etaples signed?

1492

What were the consequences of the Treaty of Etaples?

• England left France for a payment of 745,000 crowns

• An agreement to not support England’s enemies

When did Prince Arthur and Elizabeth die?

1502 and 1503

What was the significance of the deaths of Arthur and Elizabeth?

• No possibility of Spanish wife after death of Isabella in 1504

• Ferdinand became regent to Joanna (married to Duke of Burgundy) to prevent English-Spanish alliance; affected relations with Burgundy

• 1505 - looking for Burgundian bride for Henry VII with Philip; angered Ferdinand who turned to Louis XII - married Louis XII’s niece Germaine de Foix (1505)

• Philip death in 1506 - Burgundy weakened; Joanna unfit to rule - worried France would take part of Netherlands; affects English trade

• Ferdinand declared King of Castile

When was the League of Cambrai?

1508

What was the significance of the League of Cambrai?

• Louis XII, Ferdinand, Archduke Charles and the Pope came together against Venice

• This meant England was no longer seen as an enemy by any country

Who were John and Sebastian Cabot?

• Adventurers - John reached Newfoundland in 1497 and claimed it for England

• Died in 1509 - Sebastian received Henry’s blessing same year and reached Hudson Bay