Comprehensive Guide to Thunderstorms, Lightning, and Tornadoes in Meteorology

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Last updated 7:43 PM on 5/14/26
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14 Terms

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Noctilucent clouds

Altitude of 50 miles, 1885, mesosphere

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Thunderstorm hazards

High winds

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Aloft hazards

Wind shear, microbursts

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Near ground hazards

Gust fronts

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Shelf cloud

Downdrafts along leading edge of thunderstorms

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Tornadoes

Strong suction, wind suction effects, and flying objects

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10 year flood

167 m3/second (2015 and 2016)

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America's and world's biggest hailstone

Vivian, South Dakota (2010), 8" and 1.94 pounds

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Kansas biggest hailstone

West Wichita, Kansas (2010), 7.75" and 1.1 pounds

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Previous Kansas record

Coffeyville, Kansas, 1970, 5.7" and 1.67 pounds

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Notable mention (U.S. largest hailstone)

Aurora, Nebraska (2003), 7" and 1.33 pounds

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Texas supercell 1979

Mesocyclone starting with wind shear

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Tornado intensity

Related to size, measured by fastest wind speed over a ¼ mile distance and resulting damage from F0 - F5

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Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale

F0 - 65-85 wind speed = minor damage - weak; F5 - Over 200 wind speed - incredible damage - violent