Anatomy Flashcards: Shoulder, Arm, Forearm, Wrist, and Hand Muscles

Vocabulary flashcards reviewing origin, insertion, action, and innervation for muscles of the shoulder, arm, forearm, wrist, and hand based directly on the provided lecture notes.

Pectoralis major

Origin: Clavicular: med half of scap; Sternoclavicular: sternum, upper 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of ext oblique. Insertion: Lat lip of intertubercular groove, crest below great tubercle. Action: Adduct, med rotate; Clavicular part: flex arm/full ext; Sternocostal: ext/flex arm. Nerve: Lat, med pectoral nerve.

Pectoralis minor

Origin: External surface 3-5 ribs. Insertion: Coracoid process. Action: Draw scap forward, downward, raises ribs- forces inspiration. Nerve: Med pectoral nerve.

Subclavius

Origin: 1st rib with costal cartilage. Insertion: Subclavian groove on inf surface of clav. Action: Steadies clav during movement. Nerve: Subclavius from upper trunk of brachial plexus.

Rhomboid major

Origin: Spine- T2-T5, supraspinous lig. Insertion: Med border of scap, below spine. Action: Retracts, stabilises, elevates scap, adduction of arm. Nerve: Dorsal scap nerve.

Rhomboid minor

Origin: SP C7-T1, lig nuchae. Insertion: Med border of scap, at spine. Action: Retracts, stabilises, elevates scap, rotates scap- depress lat angle. Nerve: Dorsal scap nerve.

Trapezius

Origin: Medial 3rd of sup nuchal line, EOP, lig nuchae, SP, supraspinous lig- C7, all Tx vert. Insertion: Upper: lat third of clav; Middle: acromion and spine of scap; Lower: medial portion of spine of scap. Action: Upper: elevates scap; Middle: retract (adducts) scap; Lower: depresses scap; Upper/lower: rotates scap. Nerve: Accessory nerve.

Latissimus dorsi

Origin: SP T7-S4, supraspinous lig, iliac crest, outer surface of lower 3 or 4 ribs, inf angle of scap. Insertion: Bottom of intertubercular groove. Action: Extends, adducts, med rotates arm, draws shoulder downward and backward. Nerve: Thoracodorsal groove nerve.

Levator scap

Origin: Pos tubercles of TVP C1-C4. Insertion: Med border of scap, above spine. Action: Elevates med border of scap, rotates scap, pull scap med and upward, bend neck lat. Nerve: Dorsal scap nerve.

Serratus anterior

Origin: Sup border of rib 1- 8/9, fascia covering first intercostal space. Insertion: Ant surface of med border of scap. Action: Rotates scap for abduction and flexion of arm, protracts scap. Nerve: Long thoracic nerve.

Deltoid

Origin: Ant portion: ant border and sup surface of lat 3rd of clav; Middle portion: lat border of acromion process; Pos portion: lower border of crest of spine of scap. Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity, middle lat surface of humerus. Action: Anterior portion: flex, med rotate arm; Middle portion: abducts arm; Posterior portion: ext and lat rotates arm. Nerve: Axillary nerve.

Supraspinatus

Origin: ENTIRE supraspinous fossa of scap. Insertion: Upper facet of greater tubercle of humerus, capsule of shoulder joint. Action: Aids deltoid in abduction of arm; draws humerus toward glenoid fossa. Nerve: Suprascapular nerve.

Infraspinatus

Origin: ENTIRE infraspinous fossa of scap. Insertion: Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus, capsule of shoulder joint. Action: Draw humerus toward glenoid fossa, resisting pos dislocation. Nerve: Suprascapular nerve.

Teres minor

Origin: Upper 2/3 lat border of scap. Insertion: Lower facet of greater tubercle of humerus, capsule of shoulder joint. Action: Lat rotates arm, weakly adducts arm, draws humerus toward glenoid fossa. Nerve: Axillary nerve.

Subscapularis

Origin: ENTIRE subscapular fossa on ant surface of scap. Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus, capsule of shoulder joint. Action: Med rotates arm, stabilises GH joint. Nerve: Upper, lower subscapular nerve.

Teres major

Origin: Lower third of pos surface of lat border of scap. Insertion: Med lip of intertubercular groove of humerus. Action: Med rotates arm, extends arm. Nerve: Lower subscapular nerve.

Coracobrachialis

Origin: Coracoid process of scap. Insertion: Med border of scap. Action: Adducts arm, stabilizing humerus. Nerve: Musculocutaneous nerve.

Bicep brachii

Origin: Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scap, intertubercular groove, inside GH joint cavity; Short head: coracoid process of scap. Insertion: Radial tuberosity. Action: Supinates, flexes forearm. Nerve: Musculocutaneous nerve.

Brachialis

Origin: Ant lower half of humerus. Insertion: Coronoid process of ulnar, tuberosity of ulnar. Action: Flexes forearm. Nerve: Musculocutaneous nerve.

Triceps brachii

Origin: Long head: infraglenoid tubercule of scap; Lat head: upper half of pos surface of humerus; Med head: lower half of post surface of humerus. Insertion: Pos part of olecranon of ulnar. Action: Extends forearm, long head aids adduction. Nerve: Radial nerve.

Anconeus

Origin: Pos of lat epicondyle of humerus. Insertion: Lat surface of olecranon process and pos surface of ulnar. Action: Extends forearm. Nerve: Radial nerve.

Pronator teres

Origin: Humeral head: med supracondylar ridge and med epicondyle of humerus; Ulnar head: med border of coronoid process of ulnar. Insertion: Middle lat surface of radius. Action: Pronates, flexes forearm. Nerve: Median nerve.

Flexor carpi radialis

Origin: Med epicondyle of humerus. Insertion: Front bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal. Action: Flexes hand, assists in abduction. Nerve: Median nerve.

Palmaris longus

Origin: Med epicondyle of humerus. Insertion: Front of flexor retinaculum and apex of palmar aponeurosis. Action: Flexes hand. Nerve: Median nerve.

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Origin: Humeral head: med epicondyle of humerus; Ulnar head: med of olecranon process of ulnar, dorsal border of ulna. Insertion: Pisiform, hamate, base of 5th metacarpal. Action: Flexes hand, assists in adduction of hand. Nerve: Ulnar nerve.

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Origin: Humeroulnar head: med epicondyle of humerus, med of coronoid process of ulnar; Radial head: ant surface of radius. Insertion: 4 tendons divide into 2, insert ant surface of middle phalanges. Action: Flexes middle phalanges. Nerve: Median nerve.

Pronator quadratus

Origin: Ant surface distal part of ulnar. Insertion: Lower portion of ant surface of radius, distal part of lat border of radius. Action: Pronates forearm and hand. Nerve: Median nerve.

Flexor digitorum profundus

Origin: Upper ¾ ant and med surface of ulnar, med side of cornoid process, interosseous membrane. Insertion: Front base of distal phalanges. Action: Flex distal phalanges. Nerve: Ulnar nerve- med half- 4 and 5 finger; Median nerve- lat half- 2 and 3 finger.

Flexor pollicis longus

Origin: Middle of ant surface of radius, interosseous membrane and med epicondyle, coronoid process of ulnar. Insertion: Palmar of distal phalange of thumb. Action: Flexes thumb. Nerve: Median nerve.

Brachioradialis

Origin: Upper ⅔ of lat supracondylar ridge of humerus. Insertion: Base of styloid process and lat surface of radius. Action: Flexes forearm. Nerve: Radial nerve.

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Origin: Lower ⅓ of lat supracondylar ridge of humerus. Insertion: Dorsal surface of second metacarpal. Action: Extend hand, assist in abduction. Nerve: Radial nerve.

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Origin: Lat epicondyle of humerus. Insertion: Dorsal surface of third metacarpal. Action: Extends hand, assists in abduction. Nerve: Radial nerve.

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Origin: Common tendon attached to lat epicondyle of humerus. Insertion: Dorsal surface of fifth metacarpal. Action: Extends hand, assists in adduction. Nerve: Radial nerve.

Extensor digitorum

Origin: Common tendon attached to lat epicondyle of humerus. Insertion: Lat and dorsal surface of all phalanges of 4th finger. Action: Extends finger and wrist. Nerve: Radial nerve.

Extensor digiti minimi

Origin: Common tendon attached to lat epicondyle of humerus. Insertion: Dorsal surface of 1st phalanx of 5th finger. Action: Extends pinky finger. Nerve: Radial nerve.

Extensor indicis

Origin: Pos surface of ulnar and interosseous memebrane. Insertion: Dorsal surface of proximal phalanx of 2nd finger. Action: Extends index finger. Nerve: Radial nerve.

Supinator

Origin: Lat epicondyle of humerus, lat collateral lig of elbow, annular lig, supinator crest of ulnar. Insertion: Dorsal and lat surface of upper 3rd of radius. Action: Supinates forearm. Nerve: Radial nerve.

Abductor pollicis longus

Origin: Pos surface of radius, ulnar, interosseous membrane. Insertion: Dorsal surface of 1st metacarpal bone. Action: Abducts, lat rotates, extends thumb. Nerve: Radial nerve.

Extensor pollicis longus

Origin: Middle ⅓ of dorsal surface of ulnar, interosseous membrane. Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of thumb. Action: Extends thumb. Nerve: Radial nerve.

Extensor pollicis brevis

Origin: Dorsal surface of radius, interosseous membrane. Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb. Action: Extends thumb. Nerve: Radial nerve.

Abductor pollicis brevis

Origin: Tubercle of scaphoid, tubercle of trapezium, flexor retinaculum. Insertion: Base of phalanx of thumb. Action: Abducts, move thumb ant. Nerve: Median nerve.

Opponens pollicis

Origin: Flexor retinaculum, tubercle of trapezium. Insertion: Lat border of first metacarpal. Action: Rotates thumb opposite to fingers. Nerve: Median nerve.

Flexor pollicis brevis

Origin: Flexor retinatculum, trapezium, first metacapral. Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb. Action: Flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb, assists in abduction and rotation of thumb. Nerve: Lat portion: median nerve; Med portion: ulnar nerve.

Opponens digiti minimi

Origin: Ant surface of flexor retinaculum, hook of hamate. Insertion: Med border of 5th metacarpal. Action: Rotates 5th metacarpal, draws 5th metacarpal bone forward. Nerve: Ulnar nerve.

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Origin: Ant surface of flexor retinaculum, hook of hamate. Insertion: Med side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger. Action: Flexes 5th finger and metacarpophalangeal joint, abducts wrist. Nerve: Ulnar nerve.

Abductor digiti minimi

Origin: Pisiform, tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris. Insertion: Med side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger. Action: Abducts 5th finger. Nerve: Ulnar nerve.

Palmar interossei

Origin: 1st, 2nd, 3rd ant surface of 2nd, 4th and 5th metacaprals. Insertion: 1st: med side of base of proximal phalanx of 2nd finger; 2nd and 3rd: lat side of proximal phalanges of 4th and 5th finger. Action: Adducts fingers toward centre of 3rd finger at metacarpophalangeal joint. Nerve: Ulnar nerve.

Dorsal interossei

Origin: 2 heads from adjacent sides at 1st and 2nd, 2nd and 3rd, 3rd and 4th, 4th and 5th metacarpal bones. Insertion: 1st: lat side base of proximal phalanx of 2nd finger; 2nd: lat side base of proximal phalanx of 3rd finger; 3rd: med side base of proximal phalanx of 3rd finger; 4th: med side base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger. Action: Abduct finger away from centre of 3rd finger at metacarpophalangeal joints. Nerve: Ulnar nerve.

Lumbricals

Origin: Tendon of flexor digitforum profundus in palm. Insertion: Lat side of corresponding tendon of extensor digitorum on fingers. Action: Extends fingers at interphalangeal joints, weakly flexes fingers. Nerve: Lat: 1st/2nd- median; Med: 3rd/4th– ulnar.

Palmar brevis

Origin: Flexor retinaculum. Insertion: Palmar surface on ulnar side of hand. Action: Wrinkles skin on ulnar side. Nerve: Ulnar nerve.