Pharmacology

Expected, undesirable, but tolerable effect

Side effect

Undesirable & potentially harmful effect

Adverse effect

Condition or circumstance which a med should not be used

Contraindication

Period of time that the max effects of med occurs

Peak Effect

Reduce the severity of a disease or condition

Mitigation

Overall period of time that the effects of the med occur

Duration

Prevention of the disease of condition

Prophylaxis

Meds given over a period of time reduce effect, the med must be increased

Tolerance

Time required for effects of drug to begin

Onset

Physical or psychological need for the medication

Addiction

Placed between cheek and teeth/gum

Buccal

Gas or aerosol

Inhalation

Placed in a hollow or cavity

Instillation

Placed within a joint

Intra-articular

Placed within a muscle

Intramuscular

Placed under tounge

sublingual

Placed between layers of skin

Intradermal

Swallowed

PO (by mouth)

Placed in the rectum

Rectal

Placed in the subarachnoid space

Intrathecal

Vitamin needed for activation of the body’s natural clotting mechanism

Vitamin K

Meds travel the bloodstream from an area of higher concentration to a lower concentration

Passive transport

Epinephrine used in local anesthesia causes

Vascoconstriction

Biotransformation or metabolism (breakdown) of medication takes place

Liver

Two barriers in the body that can prevent certain meds from passing through

Blood-brain and Placental

Prevents blood from clotting

Heparin

Anticoagulant Antagonist used to reverse heparin effects

Protamine Sulfate

Topical agent used to dilate blood vessels

Papaverine HCl

Outlines hollow tubular structures for radiographic visualization

Contrast Media

ANY medication that causes birth defects and is considered toxic

Teratogens

Use caution when used for localized anesthesia in fingers, toes, penis, or children. (vasoconstrictor)

Epinephrine

Administered intravenously to treat life-threatening dysrhythmias

Lidocaine HCl

A bovine-derived enzyme used as a chemical method of hemostasis

Thrombin

Induce uterine contractions and to prevent or control postpartum hemorrhage

Oxytocin

Microfibrillar collagen is a chemical hemostatic agent

Avitene

The most common route of administration in the OR

Intravenous

Liquid added to a powder for administration

Reconstitution

A solution prepared as a sweetened alcohol solution

Elixir

A solution prepared as a sweetened water solution

Syrup

Solute dissolved within a solvent is called:

Solution

Most common route for medication administration in the OR

Parenteral

Inhalation

Topical/gas or aerosol

Intrathecal

Parental

Rectal

Enteral

Intradermal

Parenteral

Copyrighted by the manufacturer for marketing

Trade name

Produced by several manufacturers, shortened chemical version

Generic Name

Precise chemical composition and molecular structure of the medication

Chemical Name

Trade name for Dantrolene Sodium

Ryanodex

Who is mainly responsible for approving meds in the US

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Blocks parasympathetic impulses

Anticholinergic

Constricts pulil

Miotic

Prevents or treats nausea and vomiting

Antimetic

Relieves pain

Analgesic

Increases blood pressure

Vasoconstrictor

Reduces mental anxiety and promotes sleep

Sedative

Increases urine output, treats edema, or reduce the IOP

Diuretic

Prevents or treats pain, redness, swelling, or heat

Anti-inflammatory

Relieves fever

Anpyretic

Meds with potential for addiction

Controlled substances

Gas Anesthetic; may increase ear pressure

Nitrous Oxide

Antiarrhythmic (treats heart arrhythmias) and anesthetic

Lidocaine

Osmotic diuretic to decrease Intracranial Pressure and Intraocular Pressure

Mannitol

Preoperative Sedative

Benzodiazepines

Decreases mucous or treats bradycardia

Atropine

Support or modify the curvature of endotracheal tube

Stylet

Practice of applying cricoid pressure

Sellick’s maneuver

A portion of ET tube that is inflated to create a closed airway

Cuff

Phases of general anesthesia would the risk of aspiration be greatest

Induction and Emergence

Korotkoff’s sounds can be heard during what type of assessment

Using a stethoscope for manual blood pressure

The apothecary system is based on the weight of

Wheat

The international System of Units is more commonly known as

Metric System

Anesthetic monitoring device registers brain wave activity for optimal level of surgical anesthesia

Bispectral Index

Measurement method for the end-tidal volume of expired carbon dioxide

Capnography

Esmarch bandage is used before the inflation of a tourniquet to achieve

Exsanguination

Severe Reaction

Anaphylaxis → life threatening

First response medication for a reaction

Epinephrine

Secondary medications after epinephrine is administered

Antihistamines & Corticosteroids

MAC

Heavily sedated, directly in throat blocking airway

General

ET tube → blows up (cuff) → down the airway

What is used to place ET tube

Stylet & Magill forcep

What triggers MH?

Succinylcholine

Regulates the body temperature

Hypothalamus

Surgeon says/implies “give heparin”

Change normal saline to heparinized saline

Surgeon says/implies “give protamine”

Change the hep. saline to normal saline

Most important out of the 6 rights of medication

Patients name

Measurement system used by anesthesia

Apothecary

Ratio of a solution

Concentration

What injections deliver pain medicine into spine?

Epidural & Intrathecal

What is the block called when medication is injected directly inside the muscle cone behind the eyeball

Retrobulbar

What can cause a high risk puncture or poking

Ampule

Sign of Shock the circulator will look for

Urine output