PARASITIC DISEASE, HELMINTHS, ARTHROPODS

Aspergillosis

brooder pneumonia

Aspergillosis

a fungal disease with high morbidity and mortality rates in young birds affecting the respiratory system

Aspergillus fumigatus

cause of Aspergillosis

transmission of Aspergillosis

• Air borne; common in hatcheries and brooder houses

• Moldy feeds

• Contaminated drinking water

• Inhalation of fungal spores

symptoms of Aspergillosis

• Lung infection Numerous nodules in lung tissues

• Loss of appetite, sleepiness, gasping and sometimes convulsion, and death

• Sneezing, coughing, other respiratory signs are absent in chronic cases

• No other signs except for semi-blindness and high mortality

prevention for Aspergillosis

• Remove moldy feed and litters

• Thorough cleaning of feeders and waterers

• Disinfection

Mycotoxicosis

a poisoning with toxic substances of fungal origin

Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin, Trichothecenes (T-2)

cause of Mycotoxicosis

Aflatoxin

hepatotoxin produced by the molds Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus

Ochratoxin

a nephrotoxin produced mainly by A. ochraceus but also by some species of Aspergillus and Penicillium

Trichothecenes

a mycotoxin having an epithelionecrotic effect produced by Fusarium spp. of mold

Poultry Litter, Moldy Cereal

common sources of mycotoxin

Aspergillosis, Mycotoxicosis

poultry fungal disease

Coccidiosis

a disease caused by protozoan parasites called coccidia, which enter, multiply, and destroy the cells lining the intestinal tract.

Eimeria tenella

cause of Cecal coccidiosis

E. acervulina, E. necatrix, E. maxima and other species

cause of Intestinal coccidiosis

transmission of Coccidiosis

• Ingestion of sporulated oocyst in fecal-contaminated feed, water, and litter

• Mechanical transmission by contaminated footwear and farm equipment

• Mechanical carriers such as rodents, flies, beetles, and wild birds

symptoms of Coccidiosis

Symptoms vary greatly depending on the severity of the infection and species of Eimeria.

• Depression, ruffled feathers, loss of appetite

• Blood-stained feces

• Decreased feed efficiency and growth rate

prevention for coccidiosis

• Apply coccidiostat in the feed or drinking water.

• Observe strict sanitation. Provide footbath with disinfectant at the entrance of poultry houses.

• Change or remove damp litter, especially during brooding

Leucocytozoonosis

a parasitic disease of chickens caused by a blood parasite that invade, multiply, and destroy cells of various internal organs and red blood cells

Leucocytozoon caulleryi

cause of Leucocytozoonosis

transmission of Leucocytozoonosis

• Transmitted by tiny blood sucking insects (biting midges).

• It is most prevalent during wet season

symptoms of Leucocytozoonosis

• weakness, depression

• Greenish diarrhea Loss of appetite

• Death due to internal hemorrhage and red blood cell destruction

• Hemorrhagic spots in skeletal and visceral organs

Large roundworm, Cecal worm, Gizzard worm, Tapeworm

Helminths

Ascardia galli

Large Roundworm

Small Intestine

large roundworms are found in

symptoms of large roundworm

Setback in weight gains; loss of egg production; death in heavy infections, paleness

Heterakis gallinae

Cecal Worm

Ceca

cecal worms are found in

symptoms of cecal worm

Unthriftiness, weakness, emaciation; ceca inflamed, thickened

Acuraria sp.

Gizzard Worm

Gizzard

gizzard worms are found in

symptoms of gizzard worm

Impaired digestion due to gizzard damage

Raillietina spp., Hymenolepis spp.

Tapeworm

Small Intestine

tapeworms are found in

symptoms of tapeworm

Loss of appetite; loss of weight, eventual emaciation, diarrhea, decrease egg production

Pediculosis

Louse infestation

Menacanthus stramineus

body louse

Goniocotes gallinae

fluff louse

Menopon gallinae

shaft louse

Lipeurus caponis

wing louse

Goniodes dissimilis

brown louse

Goniodes gigas

large chicken louse

Body louse (Menacanthus stramineus)

fluff louse (Goniocotes gallinae)

shaft louse (Menopon gallinae)

wing louse (Lipeurus caponis)

brown louse (Goniodes dissimilis)

large chicken louse (Goniodes gigas)