APBiology Ch 2

plasma membrane

regulates transport of materials entering and exiting cell

phospholipid

components of the plasma membrane

integral protein

permanently embedded in plasma membrane, transports materials across membrane

peripheral protein

forms temporary bonds with cell membrane, used as support, communication, have enzyme functions, and transfer small molecules or electrons

cholesterol

reduces permeability of cell membrane

cytoplasm

medium for chemical reactions

cell wall

provides tensile strength and protection against osmotic stress

organelle

small structures in cytoplasm that carry out function

nucleus

stores DNA and facilitates transcription and replication

chromatin

mixture of DN and proteins that form chromosomes

nucleolus

facilitates ribosome biogenesis

nuclear envelope

separates nucleus from cytoplasm and provides structure

rough ER

studded with ribosomes and involved in production, folding, and quality control of some proteins

smooth ER

synthesizes lipids, phospholipids, and steroids, metabolizes carbs

lysosome

contains digestive enzymes, responds against bacteria and viruses

chloroplast

converts light energy into chemical energy via photosynthesis

microtubule

hollow tubes that give cell shape and keep organelles in place

centriole

organizes microtubules and cell support

flagella

long, wavy structures that extend from plasma membrane to move cell

cilla

short, hair-like structures that move cells or substances on outer surface of cell

central vacuole

serves as a reservoir, waste dump, and storage region in plants

vacuole

membrane bound cell organelle

ribosomes

site of protein synthesis

golgi apparatus

proteins received from ER are processed and stored for transport

mitochondria

generates ATP by using energy released during oxidation of our food

peroxisome

oxidize specific biomolecules and play roles in metabolism