Core Exam (Mock A)

Which of the following statements reflects current scientific opinion regarding the effects of diagnostic levels of ionizing radiation?

There is an increased risk of cancer, leukemia, birth defects, and cataracts

What allows the radiographer to vary the size of the radiation field?

collimator

What is the IR that is used for computed radiography?

Photostimulable phosphor plate (PSP)

Which of the following functions involve the autotransformer?

kVp selection

Nearly all new x-ray machines manufactured today use _________________ generators

High Frequency (HF)

What is the total amount of filtration that is required in diagnostic x-ray equipment that operate above 70 kVp?

2.5 mm Al/eq

Which of the following cases will reduce/decrease patient dose?

1. Increasing the amount of filtration used

2. Increasing kVp using the 15% Rule, while decreasing mAs to compensate

3. increasing the grid ratio to 16:1

1 and 2

What signed document is required for experimental procedures or those that carry substantial risk?

informed consent

Which of the following will result in an image with low density?

IR exposure with a mAs less than needed for the particular anatomic structures

Marks, exposures, or images on a radiograph that are not part of the intended image are called:

artifacts

The process of reducing the probability that infectious organisms will be transmitted to a susceptible individual is called:

asepsis

Which of the following will result in an image with excessive distortion of anatomic structures?

Improper central ray angulation for the selected radiographic projection

What projection is demonstrated in this image?

Lateral

What kilovoltage should be used to produce a radiograph that exhibits double the density using the following factors: 500 mA, 0.75 sec., 90 kVp, 40" SID, and 16:1 grid?

104 kVp

The greatest source of unnecessary radiation to patients that can be controlled by the radiographer is:

repeat exposures

A limited operator innocently commits an error as the result of following the orders of his or her employer, a physician. The employer may be held responsible according to which of the following?

doctrine of respondeat superior

Shielding worn for personnel protection is designed to attenuate what source of radiation?

scatter

Il the radiographic image is overexposed, which of the following changes in exposure factors should be used to best correct the problem?

decrease mAs

Scatter radiation fog affects radiographic quality by causing:

decreased contrast and increased density

The process of "windowing" an image determines the:

contrast

Which radiographic quality factor is most affected by angulation of the CR, anatomic part, or IR?

distortion

Which of the following is not a form of non-verbal communication?

speaking

Which of the following would be a violation of patient confidentiality?

A limited operator talks to his friend during lunch about a patient's imaging procedure

What is the guiding philosophy of radiation protection.

ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable)

The greatest portion of the x-ray beam is made up of:

Bremsstrahlung-produced radiation.

The anode heel effect is a phenomenon of x-ray production that results in:

uneven distribution of radiation within the field

Which of the following will increase recorded detail?

1. increased SID

2. increased OID

3. decrease in focal spot size

1 and 3

What is the traditional (British system) unit of radiation measurement commonly used to report occupational dose to the radiation worker in the United States?

REM

Distance, as a method used to limit radiographer exposure, means that:

the operator should maximize the distance from the source (patient) during an exposure

What is the basic life support system used to ventilate the lungs and circulate the blood in the event of a cardiac or respiratory arrest?

CPR

The contrast on an image is controlled by:

kVp

What organization establishes standards and provides certification examinations for radiologic technologists?

American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT)

What is the recommended placement for a personnel dosimeter on the body of the radiographer?

The badge should be worn in the region of the collar on the anterior surface of the body and outside of the apron, if worn

What is the traditional (British system) unit of measurement for radiation in the air?

Roentgen

How can detector fog be prevented when using computed radiography cassettes

protect the cassette before and after exposure

What is the primary purpose of using gonadal shields during radiography?

reduce risk of genetic effects

Which of the following is not a component of a computed radiography plate reader?

developing solution

Radiation monitoring of personnel is required when what percentage of the annual occupational effective dose limits is likely to be received?

10%

What is the NCRP recommended monthly effective dose (or equivalent) limit to the fetus of a pregnant worker?

5.0 Sv (50.0 rem)

The relationshin between SID and beam intensity is expressed in the:

inverse square law

Which of the following exposures will create the greatest radiographic density?

100 mAs at 40 inches SID

When a person in cardiac arrest presents with a weak rapid and ineffective heart rhythm, what is used to return the heart to normal function?

AED

Which of the following will result in an image with poor recorded detail?

patient motion

What is the NCRP recommended annual effective dose limit of occupational exposure?

50.0 Sv (5.0 rem)

Which vital sign can be assessed without ever having to touch the patient?

respiration

A joint that is classified as synarthrodial indicates that the joint is:

immovable

During digital image processing, electronic collimation (masking) should not be used to replace:

proper radiographic collimation

What is the Traditional (British system) measurement unit for radiation absorbed dose?

RAD

An increase in OID will result in:

increased magnification

A smaller effective focal spot produces:

greater image sharpness

What is the NCRP report #102 recommendation for the lead equivalency of lead aprons used for personnel protection?

0.5 mm Pb/eq

Which type of photon interaction within the patient is primarily responsible for the radiation dose received by the patient?

photoelectric

Standard precautions involve the use of barriers whenever contact is anticipated with:

1. Blood

2. Body Fluids

3. Mucous Membranes

1, 2, and 3

Foreshortening of an anatomic structure means that

it is projected on the IR smaller than its actual size

When should gonadal shielding be used?

when the gonads are within 5 cm of the radiation field

Which of the following is an acronym for a type of personnel dosimeter?

OSL

What is anaphylaxis?

a severe allergic reaction

At what kVp levels do Compton interactions occur?

they occur throughout the diagnostic radiology kVp range

Which of the following are types of gonad shields?

1. Aperture

2. contact

3. Shadow

2 and 3 only

How does fitration reduce patient exposure:

it removes long wavelength photons

An x-ray exposure is made using the following factors: 300 mA, 0.02 seconds, 60 kVp, 60-inch SID, and the large focal spot. In this case, the value of the mAs is:

6.

When viewing a digital image on a monitor, how do you determine if the proper mAs was selected:

evaluate the exposure index value

The target of the x-ray tube is made of:

Tungsten

X-rays were discovered in 1895 by:

Roentgen

The radiographer can reduce repeat exposures by:

clearly instructing the patient

If a patient recieved 5R exposure at 36.0 inches from the source of radiation, what would the dosage be if a patient was standing 60.0 inches from the source of radiation?

1.8R

Quantum mottle on a digital image is caused by:

low mAs or kVp

What are the four essential elements required for x-ray production?

A target, a vacuum, an electron source, and a high potential difference

What is the most common site for the palpation of a patient's pulse?

radial artery

A radiographer that does not change linens between patients is:

providing an opportunity for fomite transmission

As a general rule, a grid should be employed when the part thickness is greater than:

10-12cm

According to the Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau, which of the following types of cells are very radiosensitive?

blood and blooding producing

What type of disease transmission is possible when the upright bucky is not cleaned after a chest x-ray on a patient with influenza?

indirect contact transmission or fomite transmission

Motion of the patient, the tube or the IR during the exposure will result in decreased:

recorded detail

The most effective and practical way to reduce scatter radiation fog on a radiograph is to:

employ grid/bucky

Which is not a type of personnel radiation shielding?

shadow shield

Which of the following changes in kilovoltage will result in the greatest reduction of patient dose, when milliampere-seconds is adjusted to compensate for the change?

increase kVp by 15%

When communication has been "validated" this means that the speaker has done what?

received a response from the listener that demonstrates comprehension

A physician specialist who interprets radiographs and performs special imaging procedures is called a:

radiologist

Mr. Jimmy John has been a patient of your clinic for many years. You have taken his X-rays many times in the past and you have had many pleasant converstations with him.

Today you note that he is confused and seems not to recognize you. He most likely will respond best to instructions if you address him as:

Mr.John

Which of the following is a correct statement regarding body mechanics?

1. use a broad stance

2. turn and lift using the strong back muscles

3. carry heavy objects close to your body

1 and 3

Which of the following groups of exposure factors would be the most appropriate in order to control involuntary motion?

600mA, 0.02 sec

A health care worker's single best protection against disease is:

frequent hand washing

What is the principle source of scatter radiation in radiography?

patient

What is the appearace of a high signal to noise ratio image?

highly detailed, little quantum mottle

Which of the following will result in an image with excessive magnification of the image structures?

IR exposure at an OID greater than recommended for a particular body part

What does the acronym PACS stand for?

Picture Archiving and Communication System

If the amount of irradiated tissue increases, what happens to the scatter radiation fog?

scatter radiation fog increases

What is erythema?

reddening of the skin caused by a high-radiation dose

How does x-ray beam restriction minimize patient exposure?

it limits the radiation field to the area of interest

The penetrating power of the x-ray beam is controlled by varying the:

Kilovoltage (kVp)

What are the 3 principle methods used to protect radiographers from unnecessary radiation?

time, distance, shielding

A satisfactory radiograph is produced using 300 mA, 0.6 sec, 110 kVp, 12:1 grid ratio, and 40 SID. In this case, what is the mAs?

180 mAs

What is the term for radiation that escapes from the x-ray tube housing and what is it's maximum allowable amount?

leakage radiation, 100mr/hr at 1m

Why are radiographers prohibited from activities that result in direct exposure to the primary x-ray beam?

they are considered occupationally exposed individuals

The absorption of x-rays by matter is called:

attenuation

If 300 mA is selected for a particular exposure, what exposure time would be required to produce 6 mAs?

20 ms

On what date were x-rays discovered?

November 8, 1895

Which of the following will result in an X-ray image with low contrast?

IR exposure with a kVp higher than needed for the particular anatomic structures

What conditions are most important for optimum viewing of radiographic images?

low room light level