Urinary System Anatomy

Kidney (Left)

E

Function: removing waste products from the blood and regulating the water fluid levels

Inferior Vena Cava

A

Function: return oxygen poor blood to heart

Renal Artery

B

Function: supply oxygen rich blood to kidneys

Renal Vein

D

Function: return oxygen poor and filtered blood to the inferior vena cava

Hilus of kidneys

C

Function:transmits the vessels, nerves, and ureter

Ureter

F

Function: move urine from collecting tubule to urinary bladder

Urinary bladder

G

Function: hold urine

Urethra

H

Function: allow urine to exit the body

Cortex (of Kidney)

A

Function: filter blood and to remove the waste products

Medulla (of Kidney)

B

Function: contains the structures of the nephrons responsible for maintaining the salt and water balance of the blood

major renal calyx

C

Function:provides a channel for urine to flow through to the ureter

renal papillae

D

Function: drain urine into the minor calyxes and thence to the ureters

Renal pelvis

E

Function: drain urine into ureters

Minor renal calyx

F

Function: drain urine from renal papillae and pass it on to the major renal calyx

renal pyramids

G

Function: part of the medulla of the kidney that contains the structures of the nephrons responsible for maintaining the salt and water balance of the blood

Capsule of kidney

I

Function: cover and protect kidney

Mucosa (of urinary bladder)

A

Function: maintain water-proofing of internal bladder; expand to hold urine

Rugae (of urinary bladder)

B

Function: allow bladder to expand to hold urine

Trigone (of urinary bladder)

C

Function: signal the brain when the bladder is full

Cortex (of kidneys, histology)

B

Function:filter blood and to remove the waste products

Medulla (of kidneys, histology)

A

Function: maintain salt and water balance of blood

Glomeruli (of kidneys, histology)

A

Function: first site of filtration of blood in kidneys

Glomerulus (of kidneys, histology, 400x)

D

Function: first site of filtration of blood in kidneys

Bowman's Capsule (glomerular capsule, kidneys, histology 400x)

E

Function: contain filtrate from glomerular capillaries)

distal convoluted tubule (of kidneys, histology, 400x)

A

Function: acts as a site for selective secretion and reabsorption as water and ions pass between the blood and the filtrate across the tubule membrane

proximal convoluted tubule (of kidneys, histology, 400x)

B

Function: regulates the pH of the filtrate by exchanging hydrogen ions in the interstitium for bicarbonate ions in the filtrate; responsible for secreting organic acids, such as creatinine and other bases, into the filtrate

Simple squamous epithelium (of kidneys, histology, 400x)

C

Function: external layer of glomerular capsule

Simple cuboidal epithelium (of kidneys, histology, 400x)

F

Function: form the tubules of the nephron

Transitional Epithelium (urinary bladder, histology, 100x)

A

Function: allow for expansion of the lumen of the bladder

Smooth Muscle (urinary bladder, histology, 100x)

B

Function: control micturition

Renal corpuscle

D

Function: contains glomerulus and bowman's capsule; first site of blood filtration

Glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule)

H

Function: contain filtrate from glomerular capillaries

Parietal Layer of Glomerular Capsule

E

Function: outer layer of Glomerular capsule

Visceral Layer of Glomerular Capsule

G

Function: cover glomerular capillaries and allow filtrate into Glomerular capsule

glomerular capillaries

F

Function: bring blood into glomerulus to allow filtrate into Glomerular capsule

afferent arteriole

B

Function: bring blood into the glomereulus

efferent arteriole

C

Function: Carry blood out of glomerulus

juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

Function: regulates the function of each nephron

proximal convoluted tubule

C

Function: regulates the pH of the filtrate by exchanging hydrogen ions in the interstitium for bicarbonate ions in the filtrate; responsible for secreting organic acids, such as creatinine and other bases, into the filtrate

loop of Henle

H

Function:to create a concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney

distal convoluted tubule

D

Function: acts as a site for selective secretion and reabsorption as water and ions pass between the blood and the filtrate across the tubule membrane

Collecting tubule

A

Function: to collect urine from distal convoluted tubule of nephron

peritubular capillaries

F

Function: supply the blood for reabsorption and secretion in medulla of kidneys

Vasa Recta

G

Location: surround the loop of Henle in a nephron

Function: maintenance of countercurrent exchange that prevent washout of the concentration gradients established in the renal medulla

Cortical radiate vein

A

Function: take deoxygenated blood from peritubular capillaries/vasa recta

Cortical radiate artery

B

Function: take blood to afferent arteriole that enters glomerulus

Arcuate vein

C

Function: take deoxygenated blood from cortical radiate vein and convey it to interlobar vein

Arcuate Artery

D

Function: take oxygenated blood from interlobar artery to the cortical radiate artery

Interlobar vein

E

Function: move deoxygenated blood from arcuate vein to renal vein

Interlobar artery

F

Function: move oxygenated blood from segmental artery to arcuate artery

Segmental Artery

G

Function: move blood from renal artery to interlobar artery

Renal vein

H

Function: moves deoxygenated blood from interlobar vein to inferior vena cava

Renal Artery

I

Function: move oxygenated blood from abdominal aorta to the segmental arteries