Module 1 - Quiz - GED110

Which of the following is one of the four important reasons for protecting wild species?

Species provide ecosystem services.

How does the local climate in cities compare with the local climate in nearby rural areas?

It is warmer.

What is the term for the process of working to make a degraded habitat or ecosystem as similar as possible to its natural state?

Restoration.

Some moths have developed the ability to detect sounds made by bats, allowing them to escape predation. What term describes this type of interaction?

Coevolution.

How would you classify the African python in the context of its introduction into the Florida Everglades and its consumption of native species like young American alligators?

Invasive species.

Which species provides the best example of a late loss survivorship curve?

Elephants.

Which pattern takes place when women have access to education and paid employment outside of the home?

Total fertility rates tend to be low.

Due to the effects of a strict one-child policy, which country saw a rapid increase in the average population age?

China.

What human population trend involves people moving in large numbers from one type of area to another?

Humans are moving from rural areas to urban areas.

What term describes the period of high birth rates in the United States between 1946 and 1964?

Baby boom.

Which cycle is anthropogenically altered by extracting and burning fossil fuels and clearing tropical rainforests?

Carbon cycle.

Which statement best describes an ecosystem?

A community of organisms interacting with each other and the physical environment.

What is the ultimate goal for captive breeding programs at zoos?

To reintroduce species back into the wild.

A quarter to one-half of all land animals and plants could go extinct because of what?

Habitat fragmentation.

Water flowing through a hydroelectric dam is an example of what type of energy?

Kinetic energy.

Which city formerly named the most polluted made drastic changes such as banning cars in some areas?

Mexico City.

What is a hypothesis in environmental science research?

A proposed explanation that can be tested through experimentation.

What is a negative feedback loop?

A process that causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving.

What describes combinations of two or more different elements held together in fixed proportions?

Compounds.

What has been found about the monetary value of ecosystem services provided by forests?

It is hundreds of times more than their economic value from lumber and wood products.

What does a J-curve of population size represent?

Exponential growth.

What strategy reduces fire-related harm to forests?

Using prescribed burns to remove flammable small trees and underbrush.

A frog requiring high rainfall for survival is affected by what type of factor?

Density-independent limiting factor.

How have deforestation and fertilizer runoff affected global hydrology?

Excessive algae growth.

What term describes species like raccoons and white-tailed deer that tolerate many environments?

Generalist species.

Loss of what type of species can cause population crashes and extinction?

Keystone species.

What form of nitrogen-containing ammonia is found in the atmosphere?

NH₃.

What energy source does all life on Earth depend on?

Solar energy.

What is an atom with a net positive or negative charge called?

Ion.

What percentage of all species that have ever lived are represented by fossils found so far?

15%.

What does aerobic respiration use to convert glucose into carbon dioxide and water?

Oxygen.

What is gross primary productivity (GPP)?

The rate at which producers convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

What is the relationship between biodiversity and evolution?

They are positively correlated because biodiversity creates more opportunities for natural selection and speciation.

When are invasive species of particular concern?

When they lack predators in the new habitat.

How do genes become more or less common through natural selection?

Individuals with advantageous traits survive and pass on their genes.

What type of science consists of accepted data, hypotheses, models, theories, and laws?

Reliable science.

A species with a long lifespan, few offspring, and high parental care follows what strategy?

K-selected species.

What best describes a scientific theory?

A well-tested and widely accepted scientific explanation with broad implications.

What is the innermost layer of the atmosphere where weather occurs?

Troposphere.

Where will most of the projected population increase between 2013 and 2050 occur?

Less-developed countries.

What term describes an ecosystem’s ability to recover after severe disturbance?

Resilience.

Why are amphibians considered important environmental indicators?

They are indicator species because they are sensitive to environmental changes.

Which species was reintroduced to Yellowstone and caused a decline in elk populations?

Gray wolves.

What term describes a country with a large percentage of people younger than age 15?

Demographic momentum.

What organisms feed on wastes or dead organisms?

Detritivores.

What forest develops after human disturbance stops and secondary succession occurs?

Second-growth forest.

Why are international treaties protecting endangered species difficult to enforce?

Lack of needed resources for enforcement.

What does reconciliation ecology refer to?

Humans sharing space with other species by providing habitats in populated areas.

Which species are especially at risk when habitats are destroyed?

Island species.

Coniferous forests, deserts, and prairie grasslands are examples of what?

Biomes.