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life expectancy
The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions
natural increase rate
The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.
arithmetic density
The total number of people divided by the total land area.
arable land
land that can be used to grow crops
population pyramid
graphical illustration of the distribution of a population by age groups and sex
crude birth rate
number of deaths occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the given geographical area during the same year.
anti-natalists
Aimed at reducing a country's fertility rate by way of policy or position.
neo-malthusian
the belief that population control through the use of contraception is essential for the survival of the earth's human population
Epidemiological transition model
The pattern of mortality and disease is transformed from one of high mortality among infants and children and episodic famine and epidemic affecting all age groups to one of degenerative and man-made diseases.
pro-natalists
An attitude or policy that encourages childbearing
industrial revolution
A period during which predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban.
zero population growth
a population that is unchanging – it is neither growing, nor declining; the growth rate is zero
medical revolution
Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa
net migration
the number of immigrants minus the number of emigrants, including citizens and noncitizens, for the five-year period.
step migration
The difference between immigration into and emigration from the area during the year (net migration is therefore negative when the number of emigrants exceeds the number of immigrants).
voluntary migration
Permanent movement undertaken by choice.
intraregional migration
Permanent movement within one region of a country.
internally displaced person
Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not crossed an international border
brain drain
Large-Scale emigration by talented people.
forced migration
Permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors
internal migration
Permanent Movement within a particular country.
mobility
All types of movement from one location to another.
asylum seeker
Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee
chain migration
Migration of People to a specific location because of relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there.
guest worker
Workers who migrate to the more developed countries of Northern and Western Europe, usually from Southern of Eastern Europe or from North Africa, in search of higher-paying jobs.
migration transition
Change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition
unauthorized immigrants
People who enter a country without proper documents, also known as undocumented immigrants
Intervening obstacle
an environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration
immigration
Migration to a new location.
international migration
occurs when people cross state boundaries and stay in the host state for some minimum length of the time.
circulation
the world-wide system of winds by which the necessary transport of heat from tropical to polar latitudes is accomplished..
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