unit 2 topic 2 + 3

life expectancy

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions

natural increase rate

The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.

arithmetic density

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

arable land

land that can be used to grow crops

population pyramid

graphical illustration of the distribution of a population by age groups and sex

crude birth rate

number of deaths occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the given geographical area during the same year.

anti-natalists

Aimed at reducing a country's fertility rate by way of policy or position.

neo-malthusian

the belief that population control through the use of contraception is essential for the survival of the earth's human population

Epidemiological transition model

The pattern of mortality and disease is transformed from one of high mortality among infants and children and episodic famine and epidemic affecting all age groups to one of degenerative and man-made diseases.

pro-natalists

An attitude or policy that encourages childbearing

industrial revolution

A period during which predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban.

zero population growth

a population that is unchanging – it is neither growing, nor declining; the growth rate is zero

medical revolution

Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa

net migration

the number of immigrants minus the number of emigrants, including citizens and noncitizens, for the five-year period.

step migration

The difference between immigration into and emigration from the area during the year (net migration is therefore negative when the number of emigrants exceeds the number of immigrants).

voluntary migration

Permanent movement undertaken by choice.

intraregional migration

Permanent movement within one region of a country.

internally displaced person

Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not crossed an international border

brain drain

Large-Scale emigration by talented people.

forced migration

Permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors

internal migration

Permanent Movement within a particular country.

mobility

All types of movement from one location to another.

asylum seeker

Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee

chain migration

Migration of People to a specific location because of relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there.

guest worker

Workers who migrate to the more developed countries of Northern and Western Europe, usually from Southern of Eastern Europe or from North Africa, in search of higher-paying jobs.

migration transition

Change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition

unauthorized immigrants

People who enter a country without proper documents, also known as undocumented immigrants

Intervening obstacle

an environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration

immigration

Migration to a new location.

international migration

occurs when people cross state boundaries and stay in the host state for some minimum length of the time.

circulation

the world-wide system of winds by which the necessary transport of heat from tropical to polar latitudes is accomplished..