AP Statistics Chapter 5 - Probability

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18 Terms

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probability model
If S is the sample space in a(n) ________, P (S)= 1.
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Conditional Probability
________ and Independence Two events A and B are independent if the occurrence of one event does not change the probability that the other event will happen.
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Complement rule
________: P (AC)= 1- P (A) Addition rule for mutually exclusive events: If A and B are mutually exclusive, P (A or B)= P (A) + P (B)
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General Multiplication Rule
The ________ The probability that events A and B both occur can be found using the general multiplication rule.
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5.1
Randomness, Probability and Simulation Probability The probability of any outcome of a chance process is a number between 0 and 1 that describes the proportion of times the outcome would occur in a very long series of repetitions
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Performing of a Simulation
The 4-Step Process 1
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State
Ask a question of interest about some chance process
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Plan
Describe how to use a chance device to imitate one repetition of the process
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Do
Perform many repetitions of the simulation
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Conclude
Use the results of your simulation to answer the question of interest
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5.2
Probability Rules Sample Space The sample space S of a chance process is the set of all possible outcomes
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For example
When a fair 6-sided die is rolled, the Sample Space is S = {1, 2, 3, ,4,5, 6}
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For example
For the probability model above we might define event A = die roll is odd
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Also be familiar with the notation
𝑷(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩)
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Alternate notation
𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩)
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For example
Using a deck of playing cards and drawing a card at random, the events A = card is a King, and B = card is a Queen are mutually exclusive because a single card cannot be both a King and a Queen
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General Addition Rule If A and B are any two events resulting from some chance process, then P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)
P(A and B) Venn Diagrams and Probability The complement Ac contains exactly the outcomes that are not in A
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5.3
Conditional Probability and Independence Conditional Probability The probability that one event happens given that another event is already known to have happened is called a conditional probability