AP World Unit 2 Study

what is the silk road

network of roads and trails that facilitated trade and the spread of culture across Eurasia

what items were mainly exchanged in the silk roads

luxury items like Chinese silk

3 innovations in commerical practices of the silk road

development of money economies like paper money, increasing use of credit, rise of banks

what is flying money

increasing use of credit

2 innovations in transportation in the silk roads

saddles, caravanserai

what is caravanserai

inns and guest houses for merchants

what were the two major cities located on the silk roads

kashgar and samarkand

what was kashgar

a city in Western China on the silk road. was a desert and built around a river, became a center of islam

what was samarkand

a city in the silk road in central Asia that was impacted by many religions

which empire was the largest land based empire ever

the mongol empire

the mongol empire did what compared to the Romans?

they conquered more land in 25 years than the Romans did in 400 years

what was pax mongolica in the mongol empire

a period of peace that revitalized silk road trade

what was yam system in the mongol empire

a system of cultural exchange

what was another name for Genghis khan

temujin

genghis Khan valued what kind of promotion?

merit-based promotion (based on individual performance)

how did Genghis khan die?

he died in his sleep

did Genghis Khan have religious tolerance?

yes he did

genghis Khan often had a kind of ______ warfare

psychological warfare

nomads

people who regularly move from place to place

what did the mongol empire establish in Eurasia?

they established peace and stability through the silk roads

why did the mongols value and bring back trade

they could tax it

yam system in mongol empire

network of checkpoints and horses for rapid communication

uyghur script

official written language for the mongol empire

what was the Uyghur script used for in the mongol empire?

used to record laws, manage bureaucractic needs

what are khanates

military regions

what are the 4 Khanates of the mongol empire

yuan dynasty, II Khanate, chagati khanate, Khanate of the golden horde

where is the khanate “yuan dynasty” located

china

where is the khanate “II Khanate” located

Persia

where is the Khanate “chagati Khanate”

central asia

where is the khanate “golden horde”

russia, eastern europe

what is the 3 impact of fall of the mongols

silk road declined which became dangerous, rise of local powers like Ming Dynasty, maritime trade occured

what is the indian Ocean trade network

sea based trade network that connected all parts of Asia with each other

characteristics of Indian ocean trade network

it was monsoon driven (dependent on seasonal wind), transported large goods

monsoons

predictable seasonal winds that allowed merchants to safely time their voyages

4 maritime innovations of the Indian Ocean trade network

magnetic compass, junk ship, astrolabe, lateen sail

astrolabe

sailors used this to calculate latitude

how did Islam rise in southeastern asia?

trade connections spread Islam peacefully, political alliance made local rulers convert in order to strength trade ties

strait of malacca

vital narrow waterway connecting Indian ocean to South China sea

what was important about the strait of malacca?

power control over the strait of malacca allowed empires to grow wealthy by taxing passing ships

what is Gujarat

trading center/wealthy region in India

gujarat often traded..

traded cotton and dyes for gold

swahili civilization

network of independent wealthy city states along the coast of east africa

what things did the Swahili civilizations supply

supplied gold, iron, slaves

who was zheng he?

Chinese Muslim eunuch who lead 7 massive maritime expeditions for Ming dynasty

what is the trans saharan trade network

land based trade that linked north African and mediteranean to africa

what valuable items did trans Saharan trade network trade?

gold, nuts, salt, slaves

3 innovations of trans Saharan trade network

camel saddles, camel caravans, caravanserai

why does Mali convert to islam

because of Muslim merchants

who was mansa musa in Mali?

super rich ruler that gave out so much gold that he destroyed egypt’s economy

timbuktu in Mali

huge trading of Gold and Islamic cultural city

how did different religions spread to different parts of the wor;d

trade networks, intermarriages, major port cities, blend of faiths

significance of gunpowder and paper from china

they changed warfare, shifted in powers, and had a global impact

who was ibn battuta

muslim scholar from Morocco who set out to explore Islamic world and toured trading cities

who was Margery kempe

english christian mystic who moved her pilgrimages to European and middle eastern holy sites

who was Marco polo

vietnam merchant and traveler who popularized stories about china’s riches and luxuries

how did the black death happen

mongol conquests transmitted fleas that carried the plague from china to central asia, which then spread to europe

what is another name for black death

bubonic plague

how is the black death affect Europe?

1/3 of europe’s population declined. agricultural production also declined

what happened to the mongol khanates during the black death

the mongol khanates’ power and influence declined

champa rice

fast maturing rice that originated in india

how was champa rice spread across Asia?

through trade networks

where and why did bananas spread?

spread from southeast Asia to africa because of the Indian ocean trade network

what effect did bananas have in Africa?

populations expanded in Africa because bananas spread across the continent