Clevenger - AP World History (9th grade summer bridge)

Corroboration

evidence that confirms or supports a statement, theory, or finding; confirmation

Anarchy

Absence of government: a state of lawlessness or political disorder due to the absence of governmental authority.

Accession

the act or process by which someone RISES to a position of honor or power

Asceticism

The practice of strict self-denial as a measure of personal and spiritual discipline.

Abdicate

to renounce a throne, high office, dignity, or function.

Bureaucracy/ Bureaucrats

A body of nonelected government officials

Commerce

the exchange or buying and selling of goods and services on a large-scale involving transportation from place to place

Aristocracy

government in which power is vested in a minority of those considered superior

Civic

relating to a citizen, city, citizenship, or community affairs

City-State

a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.

Conscription

compulsory enrollment of persons especially for military service; Military draft

Assimilate

to ABSORB fully; to adopt as one's own; to adapt fully

Autocracy

a system of government by one person with absolute power.

Barbarism

uncivilized, brutal behavior; cruelty; backwardness

Communal

Shared or used commonly by members of a group or communtiy

Classical

related to the culture of ancient Greece and Rome

Agrarian

concerning farms, farmers, or the use of land; designed to promote agricultural interests

Antiquity

ancient times, especially those before the Middle Ages

Colonial

of, relating to, or characteristic of a colony or colonies.

Aesthetic

Pleasing in appearance; attractive

Amenities

Something that helps to provide comfort, convenience, or enjoyment

B.C.E

Before the Christian Era / Before the Common Era

C.E

Christian Era / Common Era

Authoritarian

A government in which one leader or group of people holds absolute power. Blind submission to authority

Appeasement

The act or action of appeasing someone or something -- especially a policy of appeasing an enemy of potential aggressor by making concessions

Continuity

Uninterrupted connection, succession, or union; Continuous.

Animism

Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life.

Concubine

A woman (typically of lower status) who a man lives with despite not being married; a mistress

Contradiction

a combination of statements, ideas, or features of a situation that imply both the truth and falsity of something.

Cosmopolitan

Having wide international sophistication: worldly

Coup

a sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government by a small group

Demography/Demographic

the statistical study of human populations along with characteristics (such as age or income) typically used to identify markets.

Despot

a ruler with absolute power and authority; a person exercising power tyrannically

Diaspora

People settled far from their ancestral homelands

Dissent

to disagree / withhold approval

Dissident

A person who disagrees with established ideas or beliefs, especially in politics or religion

Domestic/Domesticate

domesticated is tame/adopt for use, domestic is of or relating to the home.

Dynasty/Dynastic

a sequence of rulers from the same family/same line of decent

Edict

an official order or proclamation issued by a person in authority

Egalitarian

A person who believes in the equality of all people

Elite

The socially superior part of society; the choice part

Emigrate

leave one's place of residence/country in order to settle permanently in another.

Epic

A long narrative poem telling of a legendary or historical hero's deeds

Ethnocentric

the belief that one's own ethnic and cultural group is superior, and having a corresponding disdain for all other groups

Feudalism

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land

Genocide

The deliberate and systematic destruction of a radical, political, or cultural group

Gentry

Upper or ruling class

Guild

an organization of people in the same craft or trade (same interests)

Heterogenous

Composed of different kinds, diverse

Hierarchy

a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked according to status or authority.

Hominids

humans and other creatures that walk upright

Homogeneous

of the same kind

Ideology

A consistent set of beliefs by groups/individuals

Imperial/Imperialism

relating to an empire/a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force

Indigenous

native to a certain area

Infrastructure

Fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or area, as transportation and communication systems, power plants, and schools

Lineage

a group of people descended from a common ancestor

Linguistic

pertaining to language

Manifest

obvious; very clear; evident

Maritime

relating to the sea

Martial

relating to war, the armed forces, or military life

Matrilineal

based on or tracing descent through the maternal (mother/female) line

Mercenary

a professional soldier hired by a foreign army; greedy

Monarchy

A government in which power is in the hands of a single person

Monopoly/Monopolize

exclusive control by one party/person

Monotheism

belief in only one god

Mystical

a spiritual sense beyond human understanding

Nation-state

a state whose citizens are relatively homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent

Neo

new, recent

Neolithic

the later part of the Stone Age, when ground or polished stone weapons and implements prevailed.

Nomadic

wandering from place to place without a fixed pattern of movement

Oligarchy

A government ruled by a small group of people

Pantheon

all the gods of a people or religion

Papal/Papacy

the office or authority of the pope

Parliament/Parliamentary System

the highest legislative body of a major political unit

Pastoral

rural; having to do with the countryside.

Patriarchal

relating to a society in which men hold the greatest legal and moral authority

Patrilineal

based on or tracing descent through the Paternal (father/male) line

Patronage

(politics) Granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support

Peasant

a member of a low social class of persons who are small farmers or farm laborers

Pharaoh

A ruler of ancient Egypt

Piety/Pious

religious devotion

Polity

an organized society, such as a nation, state, church, or other organization, having a specific form of government

Polygamy

marriage to several people at the same time

Polytheism

belief in more than one god

Proselytize

to convert someone to a faith, belief, or cause

Provincial

limited in knowledge of the world; narrow-minded

Regent

a person who governs in place of a ruler who is ill, absent, or still a child

Republic

A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws.

Rhetoric

the art of using language effectively and persuasively

Sedentary

not migratory; settled

Serf

a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord

Sharia

Islamic law based on the Quran

Sinification

extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions

State

A body of people living in a defined territory who have a government with the power to make and enforce law

Steppe

A large area of flat unforested grassland in southeastern Europe or Siberia.

Stratification

A structured ranking of entire groups of people into social classes and hierarchy

Sub-Saharan

the region of Africa under or south of the Sahara Desert

Subordinate

lower in rank or position

Succession

The series of predictable changes that occur in a community over time