Chemical Tests and Flame Tests

These flashcards cover key concepts and tests related to chemical substances, including flame tests, qualitative analysis for ions, and functional group tests.

Flame test for Li+

Produces a red flame.

Flame test for Na+

Produces a yellow/orange flame.

Flame test for K+

Produces a lilac flame.

Flame test for Rb+

Produces a red/purple flame.

Flame test for Cs+

Produces a blue/violet flame.

Flame test for Be2+

Produces no colour.

Flame test for Mg2+

Produces no colour.

Flame test for Ca2+

Produces a brick red flame.

Flame test for Sr2+

Produces a crimson red flame.

Flame test for Ba2+

Produces an apple green flame.

Flame test for Cu2+

Produces a blue/green flame.

Flame test for Pb2+

Produces a greyish white flame.

Test for Chloride ions (Cl-)

Add HNO3 then AgNO3; results in a white precipitate that dissolves in dilute NH3.

Test for Bromide ions (Br-)

Add HNO3 then AgNO3; results in a cream precipitate that dissolves in concentrated NH3.

Test for Iodide ions (I-)

Add HNO3 then AgNO3; results in a yellow precipitate that does not dissolve in any NH3.

Test for ammonium ions (NH4+)

Add NaOH solution and warm; ammonia gas will turn red litmus paper blue.

Test for carbonate ions (CO32-)

Add HCl to produce CO2, which turns limewater cloudy.

Test for sulphate ions (SO42-)

Add Barium chloride and dilute HCl; results in a white precipitate of BaSO4.

Test for alcohols

Add PCl5 to produce white misty fumes or add acidified dichromate to produce an orange to green colour change.

Test for alkenes

Add bromine water; orange will turn colourless.

Test for haloalkanes

Dissolve in ethanol, add water, then complete the test for halides.

Methyl-ketone test (iodoform test)

Add NaOH and I2, warm; a yellow precipitate forms.

Test for aldehydes

Use Tollen's reagent to form a silver mirror.

Test for carboxylic acids

Add equal volumes of unknown substance and ethanol with sulfuric acid, heat, then pour into sodium carbonate to smell an ester.