Golgi-Apparatus

What is the Golgi apparatus?

• A stack of membrane-bound sacs (cisternae)

• Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins/lipids

• Prepares substances for storage or export.

Where is the Golgi apparatus located in the cell?

• In the cytoplasm

• Near the ER

• Close to the nucleus.

Is the Golgi found in all cells?

Present in all eukaryotic cells (animal, plant, fungal)
Absent in prokaryotes.

What’s another name for the Golgi apparatus?

Golgi complex
Golgi body.

What are the main functions of the Golgi apparatus?

Modifies proteins and lipids from the ER
Sorts and tags molecules with chemical labels (e.g., sugars)
Packages substances into vesicles
Produces lysosomes (in animal cells).

What is the cis face of the Golgi?

Receiving side of the Golgi
Faces the endoplasmic reticulum
Accepts transport vesicles from ER.

What is the trans face of the Golgi?

Shipping side of the Golgi
Faces the plasma membrane
Sends out vesicles to target locations.

What types of cells have a large Golgi apparatus?

Secretory cells, like:
Pancreatic cells (digestive enzymes)
Goblet cells (mucus).

What happens to proteins inside the Golgi apparatus?

Chemically modified (e.g., glycosylation)
Sorted and packed into vesicles
Sent to the correct cellular destination.

How does the Golgi apparatus interact with the ER?

ER makes proteins/lipids → packed into vesicles
Vesicles sent to cis face of Golgi
Golgi processes and ships them via trans face.

What happens if the Golgi apparatus is damaged or dysfunctional?

Disrupts protein trafficking
Proteins may be misfolded or misdelivered
Leads to cell malfunction or disease.

How does the Golgi produce lysosomes?

Packages digestive enzymes into vesicles
These vesicles become lysosomes for waste breakdown.

What kind of modifications happen in the Golgi?

Glycosylation (adds sugars to proteins/lipids)
Phosphorylation
Sulfation
Addition of sorting signals for targeting.

How does the Golgi maintain its structure and function?

Receives vesicles from ER
Sends vesicles to destinations
Maintains a constant flow of material.