Funds Exam 1

infectious agent

causes infection

E. coli

#1 cause of UTIs

reservoir

where infectious agent survives/ multiplies

portal of exit

where infectious agent exits old host

mode of transmission

how infectious agent is spread

direct

person-to-person; contact

indirect

personal contact of susceptible host w/ contaminated inanimate object

droplet

large respiratory droplets (> 5mm) that travel a short distance (3-6 ft/ 1-2m)

airborne

small particles (< 5mm) that can float w/ a current/ across a room

vehicles/ inanimate objects

dirty items

vector

mosquito, flea, tick

portal of entry

infectious agent enters new host

susceptible host

impaired nutrional status, chronic disease, trauma, immunocompromised

chlorhexidine

decreases chance of surgical site infection

blood borne pathogens

blood bodily fluids

blood borne pathogens

Hepatitis B/ Hep C/ HIV

HIV

universal standard is used

follow hospital protocol

when in doubt

hand hygiene

most effective infectious prevention strategy

C. diff

use soap and water AT ALL TIMES

15 seconds

length of handwashing

before touching a patient

5 moments for hand hygiene #1

before clean/aseptic procedure

5 moments for hand hygiene #2

after body fluid exposure risk

5 moments for hand hygiene #3

after touching a patient

5 moments for hand hygiene #4

after touching patient surroundings

5 moments for hand hygiene #5

proper order of donning PPE

hand hygiene, gown, mask, goggles, gloves

proper order of PPE removal

gloves, gown, goggles, mask

proper order of PPE removal hint

ABC order/ remove dirtiest first

airborne

N95 mask, private/ negative pressure room w/ door closed

negative pressure room

air is sucked out/ can’t leave room

airborne pathogens

Tuberculosis (TB), Measles/Rubeola, COVID-19, Chickenpox/Varicella

droplet

surgical mask

droplet pathogens

Meningococcal meningitis, Meningococcal pneumonia, Meningococcemia, Influenza, German Measles/rubella

contact

gown/ gloves

contact pathogens

multi-drug resistant organisms, C. diff, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Scabies

nosocomial infections'/ healthcare acquired infections

infection patient gets when receiving medical care

how to prevent CAUTI

remove foley/catheter ASAP, place foley/catheter w/ sterile technique, care for foley catheter/foley everyday

how to prevent VAP

elevate bed > 30 degrees, mouth care w/ chlorhexidine

history of fallig

#1 fall risk indicator

how to prevent falls

items in reach, call light on, patient stays in bed, “fall risk” bracelet, lock bed/chair, bed alarm, grippy socks, bed at lowest position, floor is dry/clean, hourly rounding

Morse fall scale

fall risk assessment tool

physical restraint

restraining limbs, moving them to another location

environmental restraint

secure units, seclusion room, half doors, barricades

mechanical restraint

limb, waist, trunk, seat belt, full bed side rails, chair w/ locking table

pharmacologic restraints

antipsychotics, antidepressant, sadatives, benzos

why restraints are used

wandering, restlessness, violence, pulling out tubes, resisting care, benefits outweight risks

why restraints are used (fail safe)

ALL OTHER POSSIBILITIES HAVE BEEN TRIED AND FAILED

proper restraint care

assess, involve family members, reduce stimulation, check envirinment/safety

restraint orders

need an hour after/ renewed every 24 hours

restraint orders (type of restraint)

only one type

no prn orders for restraint

important for restraint orders

assessment of restraint

every 2 hours; skin integrity, ROM, circulation/pulse, sensation, movement

2 step ID

full name/DOB, full name/MRN

order of prioritization

airway, breathing, circulation

#1 fire safety

Rescue patients in immediate danger

#2 fire safety

alert/pull alarm

#3 fire safety

contain/ close doors

#4 fire safety

extinguish if it’s safe

fire extinguisher

pull, aim, squeeze, sweep

skeletal system

provides attachments, leverage

skeletal muscle

helps movement

nervous system

regulates movement

body mechanics

coordinated efforts of MSK/ nervous sytems

alignment/ balance

posture

gravity

weight force exerted on body

friction + shear

causes pressure injury

bed rest

intervention that restricts clients for therapeutic reasons

pathological influences on mobility

postural abnormalities, impaired muscle development, damage to CNS, musculoskeletal trauma

active ROM

patient

passive ROM

nurse helps patient

contractures

develops in joints not moved through full ROM

correct support for passive ROM

hold proximal/ distal adjacent to joint

metabolic consequences of immobility

decreased metabolic rate, anorexia

respiratory consequences of immobility

decreased respiratory movement, increased chance of pneumonia, atelectasis

cardiovascular consequences of immobility

dminished cardiac reserve, increased HR, orthostatic hypotension, venous vasodilation/stasis, dependent edema, thrombus formation

MSK consequences of immobility

decreased strength, disuse osteoporosis/atrophy, contractures, stiffness

integumentary consequences of immobility

reduced skin turgor, skin breakdown

elimination consequences of immobility

urinary stasis, renal calculi, urinary retention, UTI, constipation, decreased peristalsis

psychosocial consequences of immobility

lowered self-esteem, withdrawn, anger/agression

diet for immobilized pt

high protein, high calorie, increased vitamins B/C

diet for immobilized pt that is unable to eat

TPN by central catheter

chest/ deep breath exercises

every 1-2 hours

care for immobilized pt

chest physiotherapy (tapping to loosen secretions)

order of chain of infection

infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host

never tie restraint to…

side rails

donning PPE #1

hand hygeine

donning PPE #2

gown

donning PPE #3

mask

donning PPE #4

goggles

donning PPE #5

gloves

removal of PPE #1

gloves

removal of PPE #2

gown

removal of PPE #3

goggles

removal of PPE #4

mask

chain of infectiom #1

infectious agent

chain of infection #2

reservoir

chain of infection #3

portal of exit

chain of infection #4

mode of transmission

chain of infection #5

port of entry