Biochem celluar growth

Taxonomy

science of classification of organisms

Nomenclature

refers to the actual naming of organisms

Genus

a group of related species

Species

organisms that are substantially alike

binary fission

Bacteria reproduce predominantly by a process known as _____

Phototrophs
Chemotrophs

Sources of energy

Phototrophs

organisms which are capable of employing radiant energy.

Chemotrophs

organisms which obtain the energy for their activities and self-synthesis from chemical reactions that can occur in the dark.

autotrophs
heterotrophs

Sources of carbon

heterotrophs

organisms which cannot use CO2 as a sole source of carbon but require, in addition to minerals, one or more organic substances, such as glucose or amino acids, as sources of carbon.

autotrophs

organisms which can thrive on an entirely inorganic diet, using CO2 or carbonates as a sole source of carbon

Aerobic bacteria

grow in the presence of free oxygen

Facultatively anaerobic

grow in either the absence or the presence of free oxygen.

Microaerophilic bacteria

grow in the presence of minute quantities of free oxygen.

cultivation

The growth of microbial population in artificial environments is called ____

pure culture

A culture that contains only one kind of microorganism is a ______

mixed culture

A _____ is one that contains more than one kind of microorganism.

natural (or empirical, or complex)
synthetic (or chemically defined)

Media types

Natural media

Used on the basis of experience and not on of exact knowledge of their composition and action.
 Usually contain peptones, beef extract, or yeast extract.
 When a solid medium is desired, a solidifying agent such as gelatin or agar may be incorporated into the medium

Synthetic media

Consist of dilute, reproducible solutions of chemically pure, known inorganic and/or organic compounds.
 They are often required for research purposes.
 The medium may be as simple as inorganic ammonium salt plus minerals and a sugar, or as complex as purified casein with added vitamins, minerals, and a sugar.
 These media have the added advantage that they can be produced with a constant composition year after year.

Inoculation

is the seeding of a culture vessel with the microbial material