earth and space science year 8

What is a rock?

Rocks are a naturally occurring collection made up of two or more minerals.

What is a mineral?

A naturally occurring solid substance with its own chemical composition, structure, and properties.

What is a crystal?

A small, organized particle in rocks, with smooth sides and sharp edges.

What is an ore?

A rock containing a large amount of useful mineral.

What properties and composition can be used to identify different minerals?

Minerals can be identified by their properties and composition, though specific details vary.

What should you do to investigate and compare the properties of different minerals?

Perform tests that measure physical and chemical properties to compare minerals.

How do you identify common rock types?

Use a key based on observable physical and chemical properties.

What tests are used to identify minerals?

Tests include Lustre, Streak, Cleavage, and Hardness.

What are examples of igneous rocks?

Basalt, Pumice, Granite, and Obsidian.

How are intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks formed?

Intrusive rocks form inside the Earth slowly, while extrusive rocks form on the surface quickly.

Where are igneous rocks used in everyday life?

Igneous rocks are often used in construction and for decorative stone.

What properties of igneous rock make them suitable for everyday use?

They are durable and often have a high compressive strength.

What are examples of sedimentary rocks?

Conglomerate, Shale (mudstone), Sandstone, and Limestone.

How are chemical, clastic, and biological sedimentary rocks formed?

They form through compaction and sedimentation over time, with different processes for each type.

Where are sedimentary rocks used in everyday life?

Sedimentary rocks are used in construction, cement, and building materials.

What properties make sedimentary rocks suitable for everyday use?

They are often easy to work with and readily available.

What is the difference between controlled, dependent, and independent variables?

Controlled variables are kept constant, dependent variables are measured, and independent variables are changed in an experiment.

What is important about recording and managing data?

Data should be accurately recorded and organized to ensure reliable results.

How do you choose the appropriate graph for data?

Select a graph type based on the nature of the data and what you aim to illustrate.

How can claims be evaluated in science?

By analyzing claims based on scientific evidence.

How is data used to describe trends and draw conclusions?

Data can show patterns or trends that support or refute hypotheses.

Why is it important to refer to relevant data when drawing conclusions?

To ensure that conclusions are based on evidence and are accurate.

How can scientific knowledge be related to investigation outcomes?

By applying theoretical knowledge to explain observed results.

Why use relevant key terms in expressing ideas and conclusions?

Key terms improve clarity and precision in scientific communication.