Humanities stuff 2.0 (copy) (copy)

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Horizon O (organic matter)

thin layer of decomposing organic matter, humus, and material

Horizon A (topsoil)

nutrient rich, darker soil nearest to the surface where most plant roots and soil organisms are found

Horizon B (subsoil)

plant litter isn’t present so minimal humus is found, nutrients from topsoil accumulate in this layer

Horizon C (parent material)

weathered rock not broken down enough to be soil

Horizon D

underlying layer of solid rock

climate influences

The distance from the equator, distance from the sea, altitude, location of mountain ranges, direction of prevailing winds

main 5 types of biomes

Tundra, grasslands, desert, forest, aquatic biomes

Atmosphere

Gases surrounding the Earth

Lithosphere

Crust and upper mantle

Hydrosphere

the sum of earth’s water in the ocean, ground, on the surface, and vapours in the air

Biosphere

Regions of the earth where organisms live

Flora

the plants characteristic of a region, period or special environment

Fauna

all of the animal life present in a particular region or time

deserts

arid or semi arid regions of the world with little amounts of rainfall

grasslands

regions inhabited by grazing animals and little to no trees

mountains effect on biomes

pose as barriers to moisture laden prevailing winds, affecting the amount of precipitation that reaches in land areas

mountains

high elevations that influence climate and ecosystems

latitudes influence on biomes

Sun’s rays are more direct at equator while at the poles it’s more spread out

fire stick farming

indigenous land management strategy using small, controlled fires to clear out land to facilitate hunting or agriculture and develop the growth of plant species.

Biome

a large ecological area with distinct flora and fauna adapted to its environment

climate

The long-term pattern of weather in a particular area

overfishing impacts on biosphere

reduce fish populations and alter ocean life

clearing forests impact on biosphere

destroys animal habitats and release carbon dioxide

overgrazing animals impact on biosphere

vegetation won’t have time to grow back and animals won’t have food

climate of deserts

hot, arid regions with little rainfall

flora of deserts

cactus, tumbleweed, succulents, acacia, weathered trees

fauna of deserts

camels, donkeys, meerkats, scorpions, hawks

climate of grassland

wet and dry seasons, moderate temp and rainfall

flora of grasslands

shrubs, sunflowers, clovers, acacia, buffalo grass

fauna of grasslands

sheep, cows, elephants, zebras, lions

how a change in a sphere affects another

air pollution in atmosphere can harm plants and animals

land degradation

process of land decreasing in biological productivity, unable to have the ability to support organisms

weather

short term atmospheric conditions