Anatomy and Physiology 1 Study Guide

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key concepts, definitions, and terms from Anatomy and Physiology 1.

Anatomy

The study of the structure of body parts.

Physiology

The study of how body parts function.

Homeostasis

A state of equilibrium in the body's internal environment maintained by regulatory processes.

Negative Feedback

A feedback system where the response reverses or reduces the original stimulus to restore balance.

Positive Feedback

A feedback system that intensifies the original stimulus, used for processes like childbirth.

Anatomical Position

The standard reference point: standing erect, facing forward, arms at sides, palms forward.

Serous Membranes

Thin, double-layered membranes that line body cavities and cover organs, reducing friction.

Atom

The smallest unit of an element, defined by the number of protons.

Covalent Bonds

Bonds formed when atoms share electrons, stronger than ionic bonds.

Potential Energy

Stored energy, such as energy in chemical bonds.

Kinetic Energy

Energy of motion.

Synthesis Reaction

A reaction that builds compounds from simpler substances (A + B → AB).

Decomposition Reaction

A reaction that breaks compounds into simpler substances (AB → A + B).

Organic Compounds

Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen.

Carbohydrates

Organic compounds, primarily sugars, which serve as energy sources.

Prokaryotes

Organisms without membrane-bound organelles or a nucleus.

Mitochondria

Organelles known as the powerhouse of the cell, producing ATP.

Endocytosis

Movement of substances into the cell via a vesicle.

Meiosis

A special type of nuclear division that produces four genetically distinct gametes.

Ribosome

The site of protein synthesis in the cell.