Environmental Science - Marine and Coastal System Resources

5 types of oceans

Artic, Indian, Pacific, Southern, Atlantic

5 types of seas

sea of Japan, medditereneans, north sea, red sea, carribean sea

continential shelf

important for mineral deposits and oil and natural gas reserves

has rifts

mid-atlantic ridge

submerged volcanic peak

seamount

submerged flat top peaks

guyot

crease in ocean floor where two plates come together

trench

flat feature where sediments settle

abysaal plain

salinity

the amount of sold material dissolved in the water - Sodium and Chloride

What decreases salinity

Icebergs and runoff

what increases salinity

sea ice and evaporation

how does temperature vary

depending on the ole and how much sunlight hits that zonehow

how does ocean density vary

dependig on salinity and heat

surface zone

receives the most sunlight and has warm waters

mixed zone

where warm water will mix due to waves, currents and tides

transition zone

below mixed zone, water has thermoclines

deep zone

cold dense water no sunlight

plankton

drift with ocean current, algea, animals, bacteria, plankton

nekton

animals that swim, mostly mammals and fishes, pearl, miss puff

benthos

organisms that live on or in the ocean bottom, seaweed, sea starsm crabs, Mr. krab, garry, patrick

factors that determine zones

lighrs - photic and aphotic zones

distance from shore - intertidal, neritic, and oceanic zone

water depth - pelagix, benthic, and abyssal

coveyard belt

model that describes deep ocean circulation

gyre

large whirl of water in ocean basis

upwelling

rising of cold deep ocean water

intertidal zone

where ocean meets land, beaches

salt marshes

line temperate shoreline

kelp forest

plants that grow from ocean floor to sunlight

plastic pollution

fishing nets and anything plastic, accumulates in gyres

made the great Pacific garbage patch

oil pollution

tankers or underwater wells or small nonpoint

light and sound pollution

can affect Marine life

long drift nets

purse net, span large areas of water

long line fishing

which baits thousands of hoaks

thrawling

frags cone shaped nets through water

aquaculture

raising fish, seafood, and other Marie life for human consumption