course careers final flashcard deck

Private IP Range (Class A)

10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255

Private IP Range (Class B)

172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255

Private IP Range (Class C)

192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255

Public IP Address

Any IP not in a private range; globally routable

Loopback Address (Main)

127.0.0.1

Loopback Range

127.0.0.0 – 127.255.255.255

APIPA Range

169.254.0.0 – 169.254.255.255

How are tickets prioritized in help desk?

By business impact: High (many users/revenue/security), Normal (one user), Low (minor). SLAs set response/resolution times.

Steps for expired AD password

Reset in ADUC, check “User must change password at next logon,” assist user logging in

Why a user cannot access shared drive

Permissions changed/removed; check folder permissions, restore if needed, verify AD account status

Why help desks exist

Provide tech support, reduce downtime, track issues, keep business running smoothly

What is an OS?

Sits between hardware and user, allows programs to run

Purpose of subnet mask

Identifies Network ID vs Host ID in IP address

What are graphics cards?

Processors for rendering graphics and some ML tasks

Difference router vs switch

Router connects networks; switch connects devices on same network

What is a motherboard?

Hardware connecting CPU, RAM, GPU, storage, and other components

Definition of a computer network

Connected computers sharing data and resources

DNS ports?

TCP/UDP 53

Purpose of NIC

Allows device to communicate on network; can be physical or virtual

Is 192.168.255.1 valid?

Yes

Choose HDD vs SSD

SSD for performance

What is CPU?

Executes instructions, measured in cycles/sec

Handling email error when specialist out

Take ownership, gather details, troubleshoot, update user, escalate if needed

Command to fix DNS cache

ipconfig /flushdns

NIC functions

Connects device to network, sends/receives data, can be virtualized

Binary 1000 0001

129

Program vs process

Program is file on disk; process is running instance in memory

Are motherboards only in desktops?

False

Should you delete Azure resource groups after labs?

Yes, to avoid charges

Is 1.2.3.4 valid IP?

Yes

HTTP/HTTPS ports

80 and 443

False statement about RDP

“Only used for IT support” is false

Which user lockout ticket first?

Highest business impact

System that manages users in large orgs

Active Directory (AD)

Best infrastructure for variable traffic

Cloud platforms, scale resources as needed

Should SLAs affect prioritization?

Yes

TCP vs UDP

TCP reliable; UDP faster but unreliable

Best secure remote access traveling employees

Company laptop with VPN

Benefits of VMs

Run multiple OSes, save hardware cost, quick testing

Is 172.16.1.3 private?

Yes

Most likely issue with 169.254.x.x

DHCP unreachable/failing

What is RAM

Short-term memory for active programs/data

CIDR for 255.255.0.0

/16

How to update customer while waiting on another team

Update even if no progress

HDD vs SSD for 2000-PC refresh

Choose SSDs for performance

Command to check connectivity

ping

Is 10.255.256.1 valid?

No, 256 invalid

Is 172.32.1.244 private?

No, private ends at 172.31.x.x

APIPA problem but DHCP working

Switch/router blocking DHCP

What are SLAs

Agreements defining required response and resolution times

Binary 1111 1111

255

Can Azure VMs be deployed in one region only?

False

Prioritize user lockout tickets (equal impact)

By intake time

Least used OS on smartphones

Microsoft Windows

What to do if you don’t know how to fix an issue

Be honest, research, follow up

Best long-term remote-work solution

VPN

Is 192.168.99.55 private?

Yes

Which ticket first (CEO, CFO virus, Accounting, Sales)?

CFO virus — highest security risk

Purpose of nslookup

Find IP from hostname or hostname from IP

Which is an output device?

Monitor

What to do when blocked by another team

Provide updates even without progress

DHCP ports

UDP 67 and 68

Programs vs processes statement

True — programs on disk, processes in memory

Used to remotely access desktops

Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)

How to handle manager requesting another task while on high-priority ticket

Inform priority, ask which task first, escalate if needed

Physical Layer

Transmits raw bits over a physical medium, including cables, switches, and hubs; deals with voltage, timing, and data rate.

Data Link Layer

Responsible for node-to-node delivery, framing, MAC addressing, and error detection/correction.

Network Layer

Handles logical addressing, routing, and packet forwarding; uses IP addresses to send data across networks.

Transport Layer

Provides reliable or unreliable delivery of data between hosts; manages flow control, segmentation, and error recovery (TCP/UDP).

Session Layer

Manages sessions and connections between applications, including setup, maintenance, and termination of communication.

Presentation Layer

Translates, encrypts, or compresses data for the application layer; ensures data is in a usable format.

Application Layer

Provides network services directly to end-user applications like email, web browsing, FTP, and remote desktop.

OSI Model Layers

1) Physical – transmits raw bits; 2) Data Link – frames and error detection; 3) Network – routing/logical addressing; 4) Transport – reliable/unreliable delivery; 5) Session – manages sessions; 6) Presentation – translates/encrypts/compresses data; 7) Application – interface for user apps

Wireless Network

A network that uses radio waves or other wireless methods to connect devices instead of cables. Examples include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular networks.

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)

A widely used symmetric encryption algorithm that secures data by converting it into unreadable ciphertext using a secret key. AES is fast, secure, and commonly used for data protection in wireless and cloud communications.

Purpose of an IP address

To assign a unique identifier to a device on a network so data can be sent to and received from the correct device.

MAC addresses

48 bits

IPv4 address

32 bits

Purpose of hexadecimal structure

To make MAC addresses more compact

First 24 bits of MAC address

Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI)

Last 24 bits of MAC address

Randomly assigned to each user

MAC spoofing

Faking a MAC address to impersonate another device on a network

Primary use of ICMP protocol

Message control and error reporting

APIPA address meaning

Assigned by system when DHCP is unreachable; cannot access network properly

File system

Organizes how data is stored and retrieved on storage devices

Operating system (OS)

Sits between hardware and user, allows programs to run

Router vs Switch

Router forwards traffic between networks; switch forwards traffic between devices on the same network

Purpose of CIDR notation

Shorthand to represent IPv4 addresses