APUSH Unit 2

What are proprietary colonies and why were they important?

Colonies owned by single leader/group given by English crown, allowed England to expand rapidly, gave leaders power but had to followed general English laws.

French goals of colonization?

Extract economic wealth and to push Catholicism.

Spanish goals of colonization?

the three G’s: Gold, God, Glory. Make a new Spain, force indigenous to adopt their culture and religion.

English goals of colonization?

Spread Protestantism to combat Spanish Catholicism, Poor people wanted jobs, English crown wanted valuable exports. Quakers + Puritans wanted freedom to practice their religion.

Dutch goals?

To control shipping and maritime commerce to make money instead of making colonies

English relationship with natives:

Originally English needed Natives for food (Jamestown), then relationships got bitter and wars broke out over land, violent disputes and English eventually displaced them all.

French relationship with natives:

Largely good, based in fur trading and military alliances. Very similar to Dutch relationships

Dutch relationships with natives:

Largely good, also based in fur trading and military alliances. Very similar to french relationships.

Chesapeake colonies described.

Made by English crown, Virginia = joint-stock, Maryland = Proprietary. good land for farming tobacco. Large tobacco farms, made for economic gain. First was powered by Indentured Servitude, then slaves after Bacon’s rebellion. BAD NATIVE RELATIONS. Ran by rich elites.

New England colonies described.

Made by Puritans and Quakers for Religious freedoms. Joint-stock or Self governed. bad land for farming. Powered by hard working families and a wide variety of making and trading goods. GOOD RELATIONSHIP WITH NATIVES, LATER BAD. Ran by fair voting rights.

Central English (Pennsylvania) colonies described;

Taken from dutch, very diverse. Quakers. Religiously tolerant. Farmed grains, exported lots. Generally good relationships with natives. Powered by European family workers.

Southern Colonies described:

Warm climate, cash crops. Powered by slaves from africa, extreme racial divide. Ruled by wealthy land owners, Church of England main religion. BAD relationships for natives because they needed more space for plantations.

Spanish relationships with natives:

VERY bad. Forced Catholicism and work, inspired a lot of rebellion. Encomienda system granted basically ownership of native populations to Spanish rulers. Pueblo rebellion caused by bad treatment of natives.

Bacon’s rebellion: Cause, Events, Outcome

Poor wanted help from rulers, no help but high tax. Economically hard for poor. Poor whites and slaves fought together, burned down Jamestown. Set up more extreme racial differences, shift away from indentured servitude because rulers scared by black and white people working together.

What English colonies had slaves, who didn’t, why?

Southern and Chesapeake colonies had slaves cause they both had WORK INTENSIVE CROPS like tobacco because of geography. New England and Central very few slaves cause they had NON LABOR INTENSIVE CROPS like wheat because it was great for Central colonies, and New England wasn’t agriculturally based economy.

What was the great awakening and why was it important?

More spiritual Christianity, rejected modern church strict rules. Focused on salvation, very personal connections to God, taught to challenge original church ideas.

What was the Enlightenment and why was it important

Movement prioritizing freedom, democracy, scientific reason, logic. Ideas from enlightenment fueled American displeasure and later Revolution towards English b/c taxation and Monarchy = bad

How were the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening similar and different, what did they achieve?

Both taught colonists to resist traditional control. Enlightenment was science and logic, Great Awakening was passionate religious divotion. Both helped the same cultural shift of questioning the instated powers, helped the American Revolution.

what is salutary neglect and why is it important?

English policy of letting American Colonies largely self-governing, which later was important because when the British reinstated strict taxes, colonists hated it.

What is mercantilism and why was it important?

The policy of using government control and colonization to build wealth, maximizing exports. Disliked by colonists because it gave them less freedoms.

What was Triangular trade and why was it important?

Trade between Europe, America, Africa. Tools from Europe to Africa, Slaves from Africa to America, Goods from America to Europe. Grew massive wealth for Europe, increased size of colonies,

How much did colonists follow the navigations act

Not that much

Encomienda vs Hacienda system

Encomienda was early stage and built on slave labor from indigenous. Owners didn’t own land but did own the workers. Made a Ridgid racial hierarchy. made lots of gold and silver

Hacienda was later stage focused more on ownership of land. Wage slaves worked or debt bondage workers, produced cash crops.

Casta system was?

Social ranking based on how much whiteness you had, used to control indigenous population and to abuse indigenous for labor