Unit 4 stability and change

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Clumped Dispersion

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Occurs when resources are spread unevenly throughout an ecosystem

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Uniform Dispersion

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occurs when individuals of the same species must compete for limited resources and territory

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Micicche's

Biology

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26 Terms

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Clumped Dispersion

Occurs when resources are spread unevenly throughout an ecosystem

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Uniform Dispersion

occurs when individuals of the same species must compete for limited resources and territory

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Random Dispersion

The least common pattern of dispersion; organisms are found randomly in an ecosystem

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A Survivorship curve

a simplified diagram that shows the number of surviving individuals over time from a measured set of births

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Type 1 survivorship curve

small number of offspring, live to old age

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type 2 survivorship curve

The survivorship curve is roughly equal at all stages of an organism's life

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type 3 survivorship curve

Large number of offspring, but many do not live enough to reproduce

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exponential growth

(J shaped curve) occurs when a population size increases dramatically over a relatively short amount of time.

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logistic growth

(S shaped curve) when a population begins a period of slow growth followed by a period of exponential growth before leveling off to a stable size. This will occur when a population reaches the ecosystem's carrying capacity.

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carrying capacity

maximum number of species that a particular environment can support

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density dependent

factors that are affected by the number of individuals in an area (competition, predation, parasitism, and disease)

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Density independent

factors that can impact a population regardless of the population density (weather, natural disasters, human activity)

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Habitat

all of the biotic and abiotic factors in the area where an organism lives

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An Ecological niche

contains all the physical, chemical, and biological factors that a species needs to survive and reproduce.

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Predation

Is the process by which one organism captures and feeds upon another organism

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Competition

occurs when two organisms fight for the same resources

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Symbiosis

is a close relationship between two or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with one another

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Mutualism

both organisms benefit from the relationship

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Commensalism

one species benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

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Parasitism

one species benefits and the other is harmed

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Biodiversity

is the variety of species within an ecosystem

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A Biodiversity Hotspot

an area on earth that is under extreme threat from human action

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Endemic Species

A species found in one area on earth and nowhere else. (Lemurs)

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Keystone Species

When one species alone has a drastic effect on the entire ecosystem.

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primary succession

The establishment of an ecosystem in an area that was previously uninhabited ( volcanic eruption, melting glaciers and landslides)

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secondary succession

The establishment of an ecosystem in an area where the soil was left intact