AP U.S. History Unit 4: Presidential Plans and Acts (1800–1848)

A series of flashcards covering key terms and events related to U.S. history between 1800 and 1848, focusing on presidential plans and acts.

Jefferson’s Republicanism

Wanted a smaller federal government and less debt. (President: Thomas Jefferson)

Louisiana Purchase

Doubled the U.S. territory; bought from France for 15 million in 1803. (President: Thomas Jefferson)

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Sent to explore and map the new territory acquired from the Louisiana Purchase. (President: Thomas Jefferson)

Embargo Act of 1807

Banned U.S. trade with all foreign nations, which hurt the economy. (President: Thomas Jefferson)

Non-Intercourse Act of 1809

Replaced the Embargo Act and allowed trade with all countries except Britain and France. (President: James Madison)

War of 1812

Declared war on Britain over impressment and trade restrictions. (President: James Madison)

Treaty of Ghent

Ended the War of 1812 in 1814 with no real gains or losses. (President: James Madison)

Hartford Convention

A meeting where Federalists protested the War of 1812, damaging their reputation. (President: James Madison)

Protective Tariff of 1816

The first U.S. tariff meant to protect American industry. (President: James Madison)

Era of Good Feelings

A period of national unity and one political party during Monroe's presidency. (President: James Monroe)

Monroe Doctrine

A policy warning European powers not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere. (President: James Monroe)

Missouri Compromise

Allowed Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, establishing a line for slavery. (President: James Monroe)

Adams-Onís Treaty

Treaty in which the U.S. gained Florida from Spain in 1819. (President: James Monroe)

“Corrupt Bargain”

Refers to John Quincy Adams winning the presidency through House vote backed by Henry Clay. (President: John Quincy Adams)

American System

A plan that included tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements. (President: John Quincy Adams)

Erie Canal Completion

In 1825, boosted trade and transportation significantly. (President: John Quincy Adams)

Jacksonian Democracy

Expanded voting rights to more white men and emphasized the interests of the common man. (President: Andrew Jackson)

Indian Removal Act

Forced Native Americans west of the Mississippi, known as the Trail of Tears. (President: Andrew Jackson)

Nullification Crisis

A situation where South Carolina tried to nullify tariffs; Jackson threatened military action. (President: Andrew Jackson)

Force Bill

Legislation that allowed Jackson to use the army to enforce federal laws. (President: Andrew Jackson)

Bank War

Conflict where Jackson vetoed the recharter of the Second Bank and moved funds to state banks. (President: Andrew Jackson)

Specie Circular

Required land payments in gold and silver, leading to a panic in 1836. (President: Andrew Jackson)

Panic of 1837

An economic depression caused by policies from Jackson's presidency. (President: Andrew Jackson)

Independent Treasury Act

Act that created a system for the government to manage its money separately from banks. (President: Martin Van Buren)

Log Cabin Campaign

The first modern campaign appealing to common voters during William Henry Harrison's run in 1840. (President: William Henry Harrison)

Tyler’s Accidency

Term used to describe John Tyler's presidency after Harrison's death. (President: John Tyler)

Annexation of Texas

Completed in 1845 before Tyler left office. (President: John Tyler)

Second Great Awakening

A religious revival that inspired various reform movements. (No specific president associated)

Abolition Movement

A movement that fought to end slavery, including leaders like Garrison and Douglass. (No specific president associated)

Women’s Rights

Advocacy for women's rights, highlighted by the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848. (No specific president associated)

Temperance Movement

A movement against the consumption of alcohol. (No specific president associated)

Education Reform

Efforts led by Horace Mann to promote public schooling. (No specific president associated)

Prison and Mental Health Reform

Reforms led by Dorothea Dix to improve conditions for the mentally ill and prisoners. (No specific president associated)